Aẓṛu n yiflsufn
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Aẓṛu n yiflsufn (s tlatint: lapis philosophorum) iga yat tmtta tuwmiyt nna ittuɣaln is tẓḍaṛ ad tssnfl aṛẓann nɣ d iqjdawn uzdirn zun d aldun s waṛẓann nɣ d iqjdawn imattuyn zun d urɣ d is ar ittussmris ɣ tuskra n yiksir n tudrt (Elixir of life). Ikka d waẓaṛ n wukiz nɣ d armmus tawssna n tximit d ibagn Miṣṛa tazaykut macc tamssqt nɣ d taswingimt n ussnfl n yiqjdawn s wiyyaḍ ɣʷlanin tkka d arratn n umassan nɣ d amusnaw Jabir Ibn Ḥayyan. Isnnfsi Ibn Ḥayyan id kkuẓ ifrdas s ucukku n Warisṭu inna mas llan kkuẓt tuẓliyin tidslanin tirɣi d ukrram d taɣart d tluɣi. Inna is trɣa takat tqqar; ikrm wakal iqqar; krmn waman ilgʷiɣn d is irɣa waḍu nɣ d aṣmmiḍ yilgʷiɣ. Inna is gan yiqjdawn arkkus n yifrdisn ad s kkuẓ sin gisn gan ibṛṛanin sin yaḍnin llan ɣ ugʷns. Sɣf turda nns ittuɣal is nẓḍaṛ ad nssnfl aqjdaw s wayyaḍ iɣ nsttf tuẓliyin ad s tɣarast yaḍnin. D is rad iskr asnfl ad -s ucukku n yimsximitn(imassann n tximit)- d yat tmtta mu ssaɣn iksir. Yini kra gisn is iga yiksir ad aggurn azggʷaɣ n uẓṛu uwmiy (aẓṛu n yiflsufn).
amsximi isiggiln aẓṛu n yiflsufn zɣ dar Joseph Wright 1771
Ittuɣal is iskr Ibn Ḥayyan ukiz nɣ d armmus nns n uẓṛu n yiflsufn lliɣ issn is iẓḍaṛ ad iḥḍu iqjdawn zun d urɣ nɣ d aẓṛf ɣ "tucabin" ildi tn id ilmma daɣ gis s umwud akimi. Jabir Ibn Ḥayyan nit ad iskrn aman igldann (arkkus n usmem nɣ lassid n unitrik d lassid n uhidṛulik) yat ɣ tmttawin drusnin nna iẓḍaṛn ad ssfsint urɣ (ar ukan sul ittussmris i usɣus n wurɣ ar ɣilad).
Γaln yimzwura is ur ar tlkkm tanigt urɣ ula ar ittiḥl asmrɣa nns . D iɣ iẓḍaṛ uẓṛu n yiflsufn ad issnfl aqjdaw tlkkm tanigt s wayyaḍ ur tlkkm hati iẓḍaṛ ad ig amddnu ittmtatn d "umɣlal". Innfsr waɣal ad kigan ɣ yizmaz inuẓẓumn.
Tqqama d tflst s uẓṛu n yiflsufn aylliɣ daɣ isnml Antoine Lavoisier ukiz n "ufrdis".
Amzruy
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Amzruy azayku
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ittubdar uẓṛu n yiflsufn s izwar ɣ Cirukmita (Cheirokmeta) n Ẓusimus u Banufulis(s tnglizt:Zosimos of Panopolis)(attayn n 300 ḍaṛat tlalit). Ilin yimaratn imsximitn nna innan is yurri uẓṛu n yiflsufn s uggʷar n unck ad. Elias Ashmole d umara ur ittussann n Gloria Mundi(1620) nnan ak is d Adama lli ikkusan tussna nns ɣ dar wakuc ad srs izwarn, ukan ilmma ar tt tkkusun ibabatn ibilitn(ayt linjil) aylli asn yakkan tiɣzi n tudrt. Illa mad daɣ ismzazaln umiy n uẓṛu n yiflsufn d tullist u tmzigd n Sliman d uẓṛu ittyagʷayn ittubdarn ɣ umzmur 118.
Iẓuṛan n twzlmt nɣ d tiẓṛi n uɣnaw n uẓṛu n yiflsufn turri s tflsaft tagrikt. Gin ilmma yimsximitn ifrdisn ikalsikn; ukiz n anima mundi; d tullisn n uɣnaw ttubdarnin ɣ warratn n Waflaṭun man Timaeus, d tulutin ma f sbiddn amwud nnsn. S ucukku n Waflaṭun, id kkuẓ yifrdisn kkan d yan waẓar ittudran nɣ d prima materia (tmtta tamzwarut), nna izdin d yirwwayn(chaos). Prima materia nit ad ssaɣn nɣ d smman yimsximitn i ufrdis amzwaru nna ɣ ittuskar uẓṛu n yiflsufn. Ar anɣ tettnfalal txxutrt n tmtta ad taflsaft tamzwarut ɣ umzruy n tximt akk. Γ tsuta tiss sat, yura Thomas Vaughan: "tamtta tamzwarut n uẓṛu ad nit igan tmtta tamzwarut n kullu tiɣawsiwin."