Arba da asn innan uccn

Arba da asn innan uccn, tga yat ɣ tnfusin n Isub lli ilan uṭṭun n 210 ɣ usamu n Perry. Aylliɣ iga wawal n "Tɣyuyyit f wuccn" (To cry wolf) yat tmatart f iwnnan n tkrkas d wad tn bahra ittinin.

Umiy

Tallast ad ar tsawal f yan umksa imẓẓiyn lli bdda ittknadn ayt wusun nns is d intg wuccn f ulli nns afad ad gisn iskr taṭṣa. Yals as tis snat d tis kraḍt n tikkal, ukan middn ɣlin asn idammn. D lliɣ d nit yucka wuccn n tidt, arba lli isɣuyya ad dids biddn, macc ayt wusun ɣaln is d kra n tqillift yaḍnin daɣ ayann, ukan xxan i wuccn ad icc ulli nns. Ɣ mnnawt tmdyazin yaḍnin zun d win umara Frere (1830), Leonard (1912) d Untermeyer (1965), uccn icca ula arba nna.

Tayafut n tallast ɣ talɣa nns tagrikt tga tt is d: "Xtad ad igan tamggarut n imkkrkisn: mqqar nnan tidt, ur illi ma rad sul gisn iffls". Yiwi d fllas Aristotle ɣ idlisn nns, kiɣ t nsqsa f mad yadlli ttawin imkkrkisn sɣ tkrkas nnsn, irar d: "ur ar gisn fflsn mddn mk nnan tidt". William Caxton ula ntta iqqn tallast nns s yan wawal lli innan: "Middn ur ar fflsn s ma irxan ɣ yan ittyawssann s tkndawt".

Amzruy

Akud n wumiy ad yucka d sɣ uzmz indin. Acku ittyara ka s tutlayt tagrikt, d ur yaɣul s tlatint ar tasut tis 15. Ur tettyawssann tallast ad aylliɣ tnfalal ɣ tadla n tullisin n Heinrich Steinhöwel, tnfassar ilmma ɣ tmizar n Urupa kullu tt. F ɣayann, ur illi kra n izwl iɣʷẓann lli f d mcuckin mddn ad t gin i tallast ad.

Caxton ifka as azwl n "F urba lli ittmatarn ulli" (1484). Hieronymus Osius isml as "Arba bu tkrkas" (1574). Francis Barlow isml as "Arba amksa d imkrazn" (1687). Roger L’Estrange isml as "Arba d usduy n tkrkas" (1692). Ifk as George Fyler Townsend ism n "Arba amksa d uccn" (1867).

Azwl ad amggaru a s iskr Edward Hughes timdyazin nns timzwura s umggṛḍ n wactal d ufanu (piano), ɣ talɣa n tmdyazt n Peter Westmore (1965). Tucka d daɣ ɣ tallast tis snat ɣ "umiyn n Isub i umallas d trabbut n umarg" (1999) igan win Scott Watson (ilul ɣ 1964)

Mqqar nawln islmadn tallast n "Arba d wuccn" ad t gin zun d yan umssɣḍaf f tkrkas d tknnad, yan irim ittglin ɣ tizwiri n tasut tis 21 imla is d tazzanin lli ɣranin tallast ad salan tikrkas uggar. Imil ɣ yat tsga yaḍnin, willi ɣranin f George Washington d taddagt n usmlal, gisn tuɣad uggar