Cikagu
Tga Cikagu tiɣrmt lliɣ akkʷ ggutn imzdaɣn ɣ uwank n Ilinuy (Illinois) d tmnaḍt tanammast n utaram n Iwunak Mullinin (Mirikan). Tucka d ɣ uftas ataram n uglmam n Micigan, tga tis kṛaḍt ɣ umdurri ɣ tmazirt Iwunak mullinin, s yan wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn ilkmn 2.74 n umlyun ɣ umzdaɣ ɣ usiḍn n 2020. Tamnaḍt tamiṭṛubult n Cikagu llan gis 9.41 n umlyun n imzdaɣn, tga tis kṛaḍt ɣ tmnaḍin timdinin ɣ tmazirt. Cikagu tga tasila n Tsga n Kuk (Cook County) lli tt igan d tasga tis snat ɣ ggutn imzdaɣn ɣ Mirikan.
Tettyawṣka Cikagu tga tiɣrmt ɣ usggʷas 1837 tama n yat tzagurt gr Iglmamn mqquṛnin d wasif n Misisibbi. Tulwa s tazzla ɣ uzgn n tasut tis 19. Ɣ usggʷas 1871, Afa mqquṛn n Cikagu issrdl mnnaw ikilumitrn imkkuẓn, yajj uggar n 100,000 n mddn bla tazdduɣt, macc uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n Cikagu iɣama ar sul ittawn. Tskr Cikagu yan udraw ittyannayn ɣ taddast tuɣrimt d tgurast tuṣkiwt, zun d "Tinml n Cikagu", d umussu n "Tɣrmt Ifulkin", d imggar n ignwan win wuzzal.
Chicago tga daɣ yan ugrbrid agraɣlan n tmstagt d tawssna d tsbbabt (commerce) d tmguri d usgmi d tsnimkt, unyalkam amaggug (telecommunications), d wawway. Tiɣrmt ad tla igdzan n idrimn (derivatives market) da akkʷ imqqurn ɣ umaḍal d willi gis imyanawn, ar d ittaru 20% sɣ unck n tasra d igamman inimaln n imstagn.[15] Anafag Agraɣlan n O'Hare ar bdda ittyafa gr mraw inafagn mqqurnin d willi bahra tkarnin s imussutn n imzgar ɣ umaḍal, tga daɣ tmnaḍt ad agrbrid n id ccmandifir n tmazirt.[17]
Asarag n Cikago illa gis yan uyafu amatan n ugns (GDP) yutin akkʷ ingga nns ɣ umaḍal, tnmala tɣrmt ɣ tmuzurt tis sḍist ɣ umaḍal, tḍi d uggar n 919 mlyar n iḍulaṛn ɣ 2024.[18] Tadamsa n Chicago tmnaway bahra, ur gis tlli kra n tmguri lli yiwin uggar n 14% n itrrasn.
Chicago tga uẓẓun mqquṛn n tmallayt, kkin tt 55 mlyun n umallay ɣ 2024 afad ad ẓṛn timrsal nns n tdamsa, taɣart n uglmim n Michigan, isiramn (restaurants), d uggar.[19][20]
Tadamsa n Cikagu tfka ma iggutn i tẓuṛiwin tuẓṛiwin, taskla, ssinima, amzgun, taṭṣa (slawan akkʷ taṭṣa n tisfi/improvisational), tiram, d uẓawan (slawan akkʷ Jazz, Blues, Soul, Hip-hop, Gospel,[21] d uẓawan n House). Tiɣrmt ad tga tigmmi n trabbut n Chicago Symphony Orchestra d Lyric Opera of Chicago, ɣili ɣ ittyawskar Art Institute of Chicago lli igan ansa n imutag (Asmutag) n tẓuṛiwin uẓṛiwn, ig yat tinml n tẓuṛi.
Amzruy
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ussan nns n zikk
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Amzdaɣ amzwaru n Cicagu lli ur igin yus n tmazirt iga yan usbbab afransis ism as Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Ig argaz asggan d ikkan Hayti, babas iga amssaywul afransawi, innas tkka tt inn tga tawayya tafriqit. Ilkm d ɣinn ɣ isggʷasn n 1770 sɣ New Orleans f wasif n Mississippi ntta d tmɣart nns lli igan sɣ imzwura n Mirikan. Tigmmi nnsn tkka tt inn tlla ɣ imi n wasif n Cikagu.
Ɣ usggʷas n 1803, tanbaḍt n Marikan tbna yan ugadir "Fort Dearborn" ɣ wansa lli ɣ tlla ɣilad tiɣmrt n usuk n Michigan Avenue d Wacker Drive. Agadir ad innstm ɣ 1812 dffir Imnɣi n Fort Dearborn, ittyawbna daɣ ɣ 1816, macc irdl daɣ akkʷ ɣ usggʷas n 1857.[1]
Afa mqquṛn
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Lliɣ ar tettimɣur tmdint n Cicagu, imzdaɣn nns skrn tiɣawsiwin muccdnin afad ad gis skkiwsn. Ɣ isggʷasn n 1850, ssɣlin mnnaw iswak s smmus ar tam iskfal fad ad srsn angraw n ismamann (sewer system) — ssɣlin ula tigmma.
Macc, tigmma d iɣarasn, ula isulay, kkan tt inn ttyawskarn ɣar s ukccuḍ. Mayad af akkʷ kmḍn ɣ Wafa Mqqurn n Cicagu n 1871. Tazuni n tkadimt n imssxsayn (Fire Department training academy) lli illan ɣ 558 W. DeKoven St. tlla ɣilad ɣ wansa n O’Leary lliɣ issnti wafa. Azilal n Waman n Cicagu (Chicago Water Tower) d Tasrst n uduz (Pumping Station) lli llanin ɣ Michigan d Chicago avenues gant sɣ tgmma drusnin lli injmn i ukmaḍ ad.[1]
Tisuɣal
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]- ↑ a et b "Chicago History". www.chicago.gov (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ). Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2025-09-25. Retrieved 2025-11-27.