Tafriqt

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Tafriqt
Tajumma 30 415 873 km2
Imzdaɣ 1 348 000 000 hab. (2020)
Tanẓẓi 44 hab./km2
Timizar 54
Tutlayin Gr 1250 ar 3000 n tutlayin
Iẓdi n usgar UTC−1 (Cap-Vert)
UTC+4 (Maurice)
Tiɣrmin mqqurnin Cairo . Lagos . Kinshasa . Johannesburg . Luanda . Khartoum . Dar es Salaam . Abidjan . Alexandria . Nairobi . Cape Town . Kano . Dakar . Tigmmi Tumlilt . Addis Ababa

Tga Tafriqt yan umnẓaw yumẓn 6% n tasna n wakal yamẓ 20% ɣ tasna n wakal yumann (tanna f ur ikki yill). Tajumma nns tlkm ar 30 415 873 km² nttat d tgzirin nns, aynna tt yujjan ad tg tis kraḍt ɣ umaḍal (iɣ nga Tamrikt d yan umnẓaw). S 1,225,080,510 n imzdaɣ[1], tga tfriqt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ ḍaṛt Asya, tili gis 16,4% n imzdaɣ n umaḍal ɣ usggas n 2016. Amnẓaw ad igly t id Yill Agrakal ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Abadu n Sawis d Yill Azggʷaɣ ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan, Agaraw Ahindi ɣ iffus agmuḍan d Ugaraw Anaṭlas ɣ tagut.

Aẓur n wawal

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Tawlaft n tfriqt ɣ tuẓẓumt, s usatilit

Ggutnt turdiwin f usala n yism n Tfriqt. Illa mad ifkan ism Afri i yimzdaɣ n iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt ɣ tagut n wasif n Nnil, d ɣ unamk nns amatu ittufka i yikaliwn akkʷ illan ɣ iffus n Yill Agrakal (libya tazaykut)[2][3]. Ikka yism afri izdi d tguri tafiniqt Afar nna issumkn "agḍrur"[4] mac ɣ usggas 1981 umanent d kra n turdiwin[5] nna ittinin mas d ism Afri ikka d taguri tamaziɣt Ifri (amagut nns : ifran) s wassaɣ nns d imzdaɣ n yifran.[6] Taguri ad nit ar tt nttafa ɣ yism n yat twsit Banu Yafran ɣ Dzayr d Libya, yat twsit zzɣ yfran (tettwassn ula s ifran) ɣ iẓẓlmḍ utrim n Libya.[7]

Ddu unbaḍ n irumiyn, tga Qarṭaj tamaẓunt n tsga n tfriqt tarumiyt nna yumẓn ula ifttasn n Libya tatrart, ḍaṛt tirẓi n iqarṭajn ɣ umgaru abunik wiss kraḍ ɣ 146 dat n tlalit.[8] Amma -ka (-ca) nɣ -ika (-ica), iga aḍfir awlatin (Latin suffix) s unamk n wakal nɣ tamazirt.

Turdiwin yaḍn f usala n yism n tfriqt

  • Ɣ tasut tamzwarut, isslkn umsnmzruy uday flafyus Juzifus (Ant. 1.15) mas d idda yism zzɣ ifir (Epher), yan zzv wayawn n ibrahim, nna mu zugn wayawn nns s tfriqt.
  • Ɣ tasut tiss sat, isumr izidur n icbilya ɣ udlis nns iẓuran (Etymologiae XIV.5.2) mas d idda yism n tfriqt zzɣ tguri tawlatint (abrika / Aprica), anamk nns iffuk (tlla gis tafukt).
  • Inna Micil Fruyt 1976[9] mas d ism awlatin iqqn s tguri Africus (afrikus) "Aḍu n iffus", nna igan ɣ usala tambryant (Umbrian), ig unamk nns amzwaru Aḍu bu unẓar (rainy wind).

Tarakalt

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Tga tfriqt talli akkʷ mqqurn gr kraḍ ibudidn inẓulann mqqurnin ɣ taɣart n wakal. Ibḍa tt Yill Agrakal f Uruppa, tzdy d Asya ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan s Ubadu n Suwis nna mi tlla ɣ tirut nns 163 kilumitr.[10] (ɣ trakalt, ar tettusmil tmgzirt sina tawmiṣrt nna illan ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Suwis d agzzum zzɣ tfriqt)[11] ttyn i tfriqt iftasn s tɣzi n 26.000 kilumitr.

Zzɣ ttmi n iwtta n tfriqt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Ras Bn Saqqa ɣ Tuns (37°21' agafa) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ iffus, Kib Agulhas ɣ tfriqt n unẓul (34°51'15 anẓul), illa uzaru n 8,000 kilumitr (5,000 mil);[12] d zzɣ ttmi n iwtta ɣ utaram, Ixf Azgzaw (34°51'15" ataram) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ ugmuḍ, Ras Hafun ɣ Ṣumal (51°27'52" agmuḍ), illa uzaru n 7,400 kilumitr (4,600 mil).[13]

Tga Dzayr tamazirt akkʷ mqqurn ɣ tfriqt, tlkm tjumma nns 2,381,741 kilumitr amkkuẓ, tḍfr tt inn Sudan s 1,865,813 kilumitr amkkuẓ, ama tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn tga tt Sicl nna igan yan warkabil ɣ uftas agmuḍan n tfriqt.[14] Tga Gambya tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn ɣ ugns n wakal adslan n tfriqt.

Tadmsa

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     CEN-SAD      COMESA      EAC      ECCAS      ECOWAS      IGAD      SADC      UMA

Mqqar ggutn isugam igamann ɣ tfriqt, tsul tga tad bahra iẓlḍn d tmggarut ɣ tnflit tawfgan gr imnẓawn n umaḍal.[15] Zzɣ isragn n ɣayad llant tmuḍan inqqan d ifirusn (lumr ifirusn n Malarya d Sida), tinbaḍin igufsan nna iskarn ibkkiḍn imizitn mgal izrfan n ufgan, alay n iswirn n tqbbanit, imnɣan gr twsitin. Tuwy d tanaḍt n tnflit tawfgant nna d tssufɣ tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn ɣ usggas 2003 mas d simraw d smmust n tmizar llanin gr tskʷfal 151 d 175 gant akkʷ tiwrikin.[16]

Tutlayin

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Mnnaw isutag ssknen mas llant uggar n yifḍ n tutlayin ttusawalnin ɣ tfriqt (Yunisku tssutg attay n sin ifḍn).[17] Tugtt nnsnt gant tiwfrikin s usala, illint tinna mu iga usala nnsnt zzɣ Uruppa nɣ Asya. Tga tfriqt amnẓaw agtnutlay mqqurn ɣ umaḍal, d ayt tfriqt ur da sawaln ɣar mnnawt tutlayin tiwfrikin, mac ar sawaln ula yat nɣ mnnawt tutlayin zzɣ uruppa. Llant kkuẓt tawjiwin n tutlayanin mqqurnin ɣ tfriqt :

  • Tawja tutlayant (Afroasiatic) llant gis wattay n 240 n tutlayin d 285 mlyun n imssiwln ɣ Yisk awfrik, agafa n tfriqt, Saḥil, d iffus utrim n Asya.
  • Tawja tutlayant (Nilo-Saharan) tumy uggar n tmiḍi n tutlayin, da tnt sawaln 30 mlyun n umdan ɣ Tcad, Itubya, Kinya, Nijirya, Sudan, Sudan n Unẓul, Uganda, d ugafa n Ṭanẓanya.
  • Tawja tutlayant (Niger-Congo) tsmun tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tfriqt ddu tnzruft (Sub-Saharan Africa). Ɣ ma ad iẓlin s wuṭṭun n tutlayin, tga tawja ad talli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tfriqt, nɣ d akkʷ ɣ umaḍal.
  • Tawja tutlayant (Khoisan) gis attay n smmumrawt n tutlayin, da tnt sawal 400.000 n umdan ɣ iffus n tfriqt.[18] Tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tawja ad llant ɣ Imizi n wfuḍ.

Ḍaṛt tigira n usdurri, ssnṣbnt akkʷ tmizar n tfriqt tutlayin tibṛṛaniyin zun d tutlayin timaddudin, mqqar ɣikann llant mnnaw tmizar ssmɣrnt tutlayin tiwfrikin (zun d: Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). Ɣ kigan n tmizar, tanglizt d tfṛansist ar ttusmrasnt i umsawaḍ ɣ yiga unbiz zun d tanbaḍt, tasɣnzit, asslmd d tɣmsa.

Flsn ayt tfriqt s mnnaw isgdan,[19] macc imra ad ittuskr yan usiṭṭn i yinflas n kraygat asgd, acku ur da ttirint tnbaḍin n tmizar ɣ mmrksn isgdan.[20] Illa ɣ tgrumsna adlis n umaḍal mas d asgd anslm ad bahra yuḍrern ɣ tfriqt, iḍfr t usgd amasiḥ. Yili ɣ tgrumsna tabriṭanit mas d 45% n imzdaɣ n tfriqt gan imuslmn, 40% gin imasiḥin d ddu 15% gan id war asgd nɣ d imḍfar n isgdan iwfrikn. Yili yan wuṭṭun idrusn n ayt tfriqt gan ihindusn, ibahayn, d wudayn.

Timizar n Tafriqt

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Timizar n Tafriqt n ugafa

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Tamazirt d ucnyal nns Tajumma ( km² ) Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) Tamaẓunt
Dzayr 2 381 741 39 542 166 16,6 Dzayr
Miṣra 1 001 450 88 487 396 88,3 Taqahirt
Libya 1 759 540 6 411 776 3,6 Ṭarablus
Lmɣrib 710,850 36,471,769 50 Rrbaṭ
Tuns 163 610 11 037 225 67,4 Tuns
- Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n ugafa :
Tigzirin tiknariyin ( Ṣbanya ) 7,492 2,154,905 226 Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Madyira ( Brtqqiz ) 797 245,000 307 Funchal
Sbta ( Ṣbanya ) 20 85,107 3,575
Mlilya ( Ṣbanya ) 12 85,116 5,534

Timizar n Tafriqt tangmuḍt

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Tamazirt d ucnyal nns Tajumma ( km² ) Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) Tamaẓunt
Burundi 27,830 6,373,002 229.0 Bujumbura
Igumamn n Iqumurn 2,170 614,382 283.1 Muruni
Djibuti 23,000 472,810 20.6 Djibuti (tamdint)
Iritiriya 121,320 4,465,651 36.8 Asmara
Ityubya 1,127,127 67,673,031 60.0 Adis Ababa
Kinya 582,650 31,138,735 53.4 Nayrubi
Madagaskar 587,040 16,473,477 28.1 Antananaribu
Malawi 118,480 10,701,824 90.3 Lilungwi
Agumam n Muricyus 2,040 1,200,206 588.3 Bur Luwi
Muzambik 801,590 19,607,519 24.5 Mabutu
Rwanda 26,338 7,398,074 280.9 Kigali
Sicil 455 80,098 176.0 Fikturya
Sumalya 637,657 7,753,310 12.2 Mugadicu
Tanzanya 945,087 37,187,939 39.3 Duduma
Uganda 236,040 24,699,073 104.6 Kambala
Sudan n iffus 619,745 8,260,490 13 Juba
Sudan 1,861,484 30,894,000 17 Xartum
- Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt tangmuḍt :
Réunion (Fransa) 2,512 743,981 296.2 San-Deni
Mayut (Fransa) 374 170,879 456.9 Mamužu
Ikaliwn n iffus d Intarktiwn ( Fransa ) 439,781 100 Saint Pierre

Timizar n Tafrikt n wammas

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Tamazirt d ucnyal nns Tajumma ( km² ) Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) Tamaẓunt
Angula 1,246,700 10,593,171 8.5 Luwanda
Kamirun 475,440 16,184,748 34.0 Yawandi
Tagduda n Tafrikt Tanammast 622,984 3,642,739 5.8 Bangi
Tcad 1,284,000 8,997,237 7.0 N'Djamina
Tagduda n Kungu 342,000 2,958,448 8.7 Brazavil
Tagduda Tamagdayt n Kungu 2,345,410 55,225,478 23.5 Kinshasa
Ginya n tuẓẓumt 28,051 498,144 17.8 Malabo
Gabun 267,667 1,233,353 4.6 Libruvil
São Tomé d Brincibi 1,001 170,372 170.2 São Tomé

Timizar n Tafriqt n iffus

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Tamazirt d ucnyal nns Tajumma ( km² ) Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) Tamaẓunt
Butswana 600,370 1,591,232 2.7 Gaborone
Lesotho 30,355 2,207,954 72.7 Maseru
Namibia 825,418 1,820,916 2.2 Windhoek
Tafriqt n Unẓul 1,219,912 43,647,658 35.8 Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria
Swaziland 17,363 1,123,605 64.7 Mbaban
Zambya 752,614 11,862,740 16 Lusaka
Zimbabwi 390,580 11,392,629 29 Harare

Timizar n Tafriqt n tagut

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Tamazirt d ucnyal nns Tajumma ( km² ) Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) Tamaẓunt
Binin 112,620 6,787,625 60.3 Purtu-Nuvu
Burkina Fasu 274,200 12,603,185 46.0 Wagadugu
Isk n Vird 4,033 408,760 101.4 Praya
Aftas n Ivoir 322,460 16,804,784 52.1 Abidjan, Yamusukru
Gambya 11,300 1,455,842 128.8 Banjul
Ɣana 239,460 20,244,154 84.5 Akra
Ɣinya 245,857 7,775,065 31.6 Kunakri
Ɣinya-Bisaw 36,120 1,345,479 37.3 Bisaw
Libirya 111,370 3,288,198 29.5 Munruvya
Mali 1,240,000 11,340,480 9.1 Bamaku
Muritanya 1,030,700 2,828,858 2.7 Nwakcut
Nigir 1,267,000 10,639,744 8.4 Niyami
Nijirya 923,768 129,934,911 140.7 Abuja
Sinigal 196,190 10,589,571 54.0 Dakar
Siralyun 71,740 5,614,743 78.3 Freetown
Tugu 56,785 5,285,501 93.1 Lumi
- Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n tagut :
Sant Hilina ( Ingliz ) 410 7,317 17.8 Jamistun

Ẓṛ uggar

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Isaɣuln

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Tẓḍart ad tẓṛt uggar f Tafriqt ɣ usnfar n Commons.
  1. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/
  2. Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015
  3. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles 1879. Afer A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  4. Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
  5. Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981.
  6. Geo. Babington Michell, "The Berbers", Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (January 1903), pp. 161–94.
  7. Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4
  8. "Consultsos.com etymology"
  9. in Revue de Philologie 50, 1976: pp. 221–38.
  10. Draydil, Alisday & Blik Jirald. (1985) tafrikt n ugafa d ugmuḍ anammas, tamsiggzt n tsdawit uksfurd g iwunak imunn isbn ISBN 0-19-503538-0.
  11. Atlas - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com National Geographic Society. 2003
  12. Win Ifanz. (1924) tafrikt, klarindun i tɣmsa
  13. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
  14. Huwr Bin. (2002) tagrumsna kingficr sg ya ar yaz tigmmi n uẓrag kingficr. tasna 11 ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.
  15. Ritcard Sandbruk, tisrtitin n tḍuri n tdmsa tawftikt, tamsiggzt n tsdawit kambridj. 1985 amalas
  16. hdr.undp.org Timttiwin Imunn, [timḥḍit] 16-03-2018
  17. " Tafriqt " Yunisku, 2005.
  18. "Khoisan Languages". The Language Gulper. 27 innayr 2017.
  19. "Asgd g tfriqt". 09-05-2008
  20. "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere". Normitsu Onishi. The New York Times Company. 09-03-2009

Ɣaylli sis izdin

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Marikan Antarktika Asya Urupa Tafriqt Usyanya

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