Ablkim
Ablkim, amagut nns iga iblkimn (S Tnglizt: Atom, s Taɛrabt: الذرّة) tga tifrdit tadasilant n Tmtta, taɣawsa nna aɣ d issutuln hati tettyawskar s iblkimn, turrut nns ar tjgugul gr 0,1 ar ,0,5 Nanumitr. Kra iga tt ablkim iga arawsan ɣ waggʷa nns, llan gis sin ifrdas: yan uɣʷrmi umnig ibḍan s ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn, ittln s wilikṭṛunn uzdirn d ar fllas skarn ma irwasn yan umdlu alikṭṛuni, ɣwid ar ttddun s yat tiymmar (zzrbt) ur ikcimn ixf, d tiymmar-ad ad issfrun maxx aylliɣ ar ittgga ublkim wan (zun d) yat tazzit ilumman.
Illa ukan ma issirwisn ablkim s ungraw anafuk ig gis uɣʷrmi tafukt, gnn gis wilikṭṛunn imtiwgn da fllas ttbirign, mqqar hati ur kullu tɣʷẓan tannayt-ad, acku s umgal n imtiwgn, ilikṭṛunn ur ar ttḍafṛn yan uɣaras inmn.
Ablkim akkʷ imẓẓiyn d wad akkʷ ifssusn iga t Uhiḍṛujin, d uɣʷrmi nns ur gis illi amr yan ubṛuṭun d ḥtta kra n unuṭṛun.
Irfsan ikimawiyn n akkʷ iblkimn ar ttbddadn f unmala alikṭṛuni nnsn ilmma f wuṭṭun n ibṛuṭunn lli ttamunn.
Ar azmz ad ttyawssann 118 n iblkimn naḥyanin, nmalan akkʷ ɣ yat tflwit ar as ttinin "Tiflwit Tazmzant n ifrdisn".
Azlam f umzruy
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Abdar akkʷ aqbur n iblkimn ar d ittaḍu s yan uflsaf ahndawi ism as "Kanad" (600 izwarn tlalit), yurda is llan kra n irctuyn ur ar ttyawmnadn issaɣ asn ism n "Anu", yiwi d daɣ uflsaf Agriki Dimukrit (400 qbl tlalit) awal f tilit n takka-ad lli mi iɣra nttan s "Aṭumuṣ".
Ɣ tasut tis 18, iskr umassan akimyan Djun Ḍaltun yan uzurt da ibiddn f kra n isfka isirimn, azurt-ad yiws bahra ɣ tukza n irfsan n ublkim.
Aɣʷrmi
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Astal n uɣʷrmi ingadda nit d mnck ad iẓẓay ublkim, acku ntta issurf bahra win wilikṭṛunn, ad yili ɣ ugayyu is d yan unuṭṛun hlli ingadda ɣ ustal nns d 1839 n wilikṭṛunn.
Aɣʷrmi ittyawskar s yan wuṭṭun n yibṛuṭunn d yinuṭṛunn, kra iga tt abṛuṭun ar d ittasi yan waggʷa umnig, imil inuṭṛunn gan id war aggʷa (ur carjin s yat). sul hati aɣd nttni s iguyya nnsn ttyawskarn s kra n irctuyn mẓẓiyn akkʷ ɣwilli mi ttinin ikwarkn , kuyan llan gis kṛaḍ n ikwarkn.
Uṭṭun n ibṛuṭunn da ittamu yan uɣʷrmi ablkam ar iglli afrdis akimyan, ar ittettyara s uskkil n Z ssaɣn as ism n "Wuṭṭun Ablkam".
Ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn mẓẓin 100.000 n tklit f ublɣ n ublkim.
Amdlu Alikṭṛuni
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ur d zun d ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn, ɣwid ur darsn llan ikwaṛkn , aggʷa umnig n ibṛuṭunn ar d ittawk s dars aggʷa uzdir n wilikṭṛunn ɣayann ad tn isɣaman ɣ wagʷns n ublkim, macc ṭṭafn waxxa ɣik ann yat tfasa da asn yakkan taẓẓiḍṛa ad nzin anzaɣ n uɣʷrmi.
Ukan, kra s ar tettmɣur tfasa n walikṭṛun kra s ar ittaggug ntta f uɣʷrmi. S ɣik ad, ilikṭṛunn nmalan ɣ tfririn, d ɣaylli tnt isnaḥyan iga t mnck a s mgalant d uɣʷrmi, Ilikṭṛunn lli dar tlla yat tfasa idrusn llan ɣ tfrirt d yaẓn uggar i uɣʷrmi f ɣwilli ṭṭafnin yat tfasa mqqurn.
Tifrirt nna illan izdi as yan ism, xtalli akkʷ yakmurn i uɣʷrmi izdi as uskkil n "K", ilmma "L" fad s "M", "N", "O", "P", d kra iga tt tifrirt ur ar ttamu amr yan wuṭṭun ittyawglayn n wilikṭṛunn, s umdya, tifrirt izwarn K ur tufi ad tamu uggar n sin wilikṭṛunn. tifrirt tis snat L illa dars ad tamu tam, tis kṛaḍt M ar tettamu 18, imk d imk..
Amawal
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tanga: Matière.
Tirdit tadasilant: Élement basique.
Tazzit ilumman: corps solide.
Irfsan ikimawiyn: propriétés chimiques