Afrḍis akimyan

Amnni ad icqqa ad t tfhmt !
Amnni ad gis kra n iwalwn nna ur iẓḍaṛ yan ad tn ifhm iɣ ur issin ɣ umawal iẓlin n tutlayt taclḥiyt tatrart.
Mad igan afssay ? Fad ad tfhmt mad gis illan tzḍart ad tawst i yixf nnk s umawal lli illan ɣ izddar akkʷ n tasna. Iɣ t ur tufit, tzḍart ad nn taggʷt ɣ imawaln d isgzawaln.

Afrḍis akimyan nɣ Afrdis akruran (s tfransist: élément chimique) iga tagrumma n iblkimn (atoms) ttuẓlaynin s yan wuṭṭun imdn n ipruṭunn ɣ tuẓẓmt nnsn. Uṭṭun ad, ar tt nttara s Z, ar as nttini uṭṭun ablkiman n ufrdis akruran. Ar ttuswttant, ɣ tilawt, tɣariwin tikruranin n ablkim s tuẓka nnsn talikṭrunant iqqnn s wuṭṭun n ipruṭunn n tuẓẓumt nnsn, aynna yakkan mas d iblkimn aksulnin ɣ wuṭṭun ablkiman ar asn ttiksilnt tɣariwin tikruranin. Ɣ unmgal, ẓḍarn iblkimn n ufrdis akruran igan yan ad ilin yan wuṭṭun imzarayn n inuṭrunn ɣ tuẓẓumt nnsn, ar asn nttini ɣ waddad ad iẓutupn.

Ahidrujin, akarbun, aẓut, uksijin, uzzal, anas, aẓrf, urɣ, atg. gan ifrdisn ikrurann. Ku yan gisn ar ittugnsas s yat tngalt takrurant: H, C, N, O, F, Cu, Ag, Au, atg. S umata, ttyufan ar ɣassa 118 n ifrdisn ikrurann, zɣ wuṭṭun ablkiman 1 ar 118. Gisn 94 n ifrdisn ttusmagin f wakal ɣ wammas agaman, ilin 80 darsn s tdrsi yan uẓutup izgan (lan akk ifrdisn ad yan wuṭṭun ablkiman imẓẓiyn f nɣ igda 82 abla ifrdisn 43 d 61).

Ɣiyn ifrdisn ikrurann ad munn ɣ tizi n imyaggatn ikrurann ssilɣn yat tartalla n wuddisn ikrurann. Aman, s umdya, gan tayafut n tamunt n wuksijin d uhidrujin, aynna aɣ yakkan afnuz bu tnfalit takrurant H2O — sin iblkimn n uhidrujin d yan n wuksijin. Iẓḍar uhidrujin d wuksijin, ɣ tfadiwin timhlanin myallanin, ad d-fkn uddisn myallanin, zund ubiruksid n uhidrujin nɣ d aman ittsuksijinin lanin tanfalit H2O2 — sin iblkimn n uhidrujin d sin n wuksijin. Ɣ unmgal, ku uddis akruran iɣy ad iry ig ifrdisn imyallan. Aman, s umdya, ẓḍarn ad ttuliktrulizan s wuksijin d uhidrujin. Da nttini i tanga tazdgant, yulɣn s iblkimn n ufrdis akruran igan yan,tafkka tafrart. Tamggarut ad ur yallfus ad try s ifrdisn myallanin. Aya as nsmziriy gr tfkka tafrart d ufrdis akruran. S umdya, uksijin iga afrdis akruran, macc urrig nna nssn akkʷ d nna mi nttini ɣ wawal n ku ass uksijin hat tafkka tafrart ayd iga, ig yism nns unɣid asinuksijin, ar t-nsnfali s O2, bac ad imyilli d wuẓun bu tnfalit O3, igan altu tafkka tafrart; uẓun d usinuksijin gan anawn isnfliḍnann n ufrdis uksijin. Addad alugnan n yan ufrdis akruran iga-t waddad n tfkka tafrart mi tga tnfalit (Enthalpi) tanawayt n ussilɣ tanlmaḍt-akkʷ ɣ tfadiwin timagnutin n uzɣal d ussikl, igdan 0 s umsasa.

Ur yallfus ad infl ufrdis akruran s yan ufrdis yaḍn s umyagga akruran, amyagga awẓman ittusmman ammskl awẓman day ad iẓḍarn ad ig isnfl ad. Asnml ad isnfalit tikklt tamzwarut umskrura afransis Lavoisir ɣ 1789,.

Ismawn

Ɣ 2011, tdggi tamunt tagraɣlant n tkrura tazddagt d tmsnast (UICPA) ismawn s tnglizt d iniglan ikrurann igraɣlann n 112 n ifrdisn imzwura (s unmala n wuṭṭun awblkim)^[1]. Ɣ 31 mayu n 2012, ismma UICPA sin ifrdisn yaḍn, aflirubyum Fl d ulibirmuryum Lv (uṭṭun 114 d 116)^[2]. Ɣ 31 dujanbir n 2015 issuded UICPA inniy n kkuẓ n ifrdisn yaḍn, win wuṭṭunn iwblkimn 113, 115, 117 d 118, mac ur asn ifki kra n yismawn igguran. Mac ar ttwannan s yismawn imaddasn iran ad infl ad day asn ttustayn yismawn, ad tn igan d unutryum (Uut), ununbuntyum (Uuv), ununsatyum (Uus) d ununuktyum (Uuo)[6], mac umẓn ismawn nnsn igguran ɣ 28 nuwanbir n 2016, s uzrak anihunyum (Nh), amuskubyum (Mc), atinis (Ts) d uganisun (Og)^[3].

Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn

Ɣ takimit, Taflwit n usudr azdawan n ifrḍisn ikimayn^[4] (s tfransist: Tableau périodique des éléments, s tanglizt: Periodic table) mi nttini ula Taflwit n Mendeleïev, tga yat tflwit nna ɣ llan akk ifrḍisn ikimayn, ttuygaddan s umḍam ublkam nnsn zɣ way-mẓẓiyn s way-mqqurn, d ttuygaddan ula s tuẓkiwt talikṭrunant nnsn, nna ḍffrnt tfrisin nnsn tikruranin^[5].

Taflwit ad ad igan talli akk ittuysxdamn ɣ igr amassan, skrn kigan n id butussna d imassan tflwitin yaḍn smunn gis ifrḍisn ikimayn. Macc ɣwad a bahra illan d walli bahra sxdamn middn.

**Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn**
→↓	1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	1 H																		2 He
2	3 Li	4 Be												5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
3	11 Na	12 Mg												13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
4	19 K	20 Ca		21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
5	37 Rb	38 Sr		39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
6	55 Cs	56 Ba	*	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
7	87 Fr	88 Ra	* *	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Nh	114 Fl	115 Mc	116 Lv	117 Ts	118 Og
			↓
Ilantuniden			*	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb
Actinides			* *	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No

Isaɣuln

↑ IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements - Taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn, z dar l'IUPAC (21 innayr 2011). 9 bṛayr 2016.
↑ ( en ) Element 114 is Named Flerovium and Element 116 is Named Livermorium
↑ ( en ) Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 are now formally named nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og) 30-11-2016.
↑ ( shi ) Amawal n takrura (Takimit) n Taclḥit - PDF
↑ ( fr ) Asuɣl n umgrad : Tableau périodique des éléments :: Wikipidya tafransist

Aggur:Timassanin/Tazdart

[1] IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements - Taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn, z dar l'IUPAC (21 innayr 2011). 9 bṛayr 2016.

[2] ( en ) Element 114 is Named Flerovium and Element 116 is Named Livermorium

[3] ( en ) Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 are now formally named nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og) 30-11-2016.

[4] ( shi ) Amawal n takrura (Takimit) n Taclḥit - PDF

[5] ( fr ) Asuɣl n umgrad : Tableau périodique des éléments :: Wikipidya tafransist

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