Indlas

Indlas niɣ d "Al-Andalus", ar d ittiwrri urmmus nns s tmnaḍt n Tazun-tigzirt n Ibirya lli tt inn ikkan ddu tnbaḍt n imuslmn gr isggʷasn n 711 d 1492. S usdaw f uzmz, tisimna nns ar tettigut d ar ttidrus ɣ ibirya; Ɣ tzwiri nns, tasut tis tamt, tiwi Al-Andalus agzzum akkʷ iflin n Tazun-gzirt, is akkʷ tfta ar ma issurfn idrarn n Pirini, fad ad tssnti ar tettnaqas imikk s imikk, kra n tikkal s taẓayt, tiyyaḍ s uṛmuḍ, ar tigira n tgldunt n Ayt Naṣr n uɣṛnata ɣ usggʷas n 1492.^[1]

Azmz n Ayt Umya

Lliɣ d tnkr tɣrma n imuslmn, ɣ tzwiri n tasut tis sat, tkka f ugmuḍ, tkk f utaram. Ɣ yixf n tasut tiss tamt, ɣ usggʷas n 711, alkkum n tgrummatin d twjiwin tisrɣinin lli d uckanin sɣ iming s tazun-agzirt tibirit, ula tigrummatin n imaziɣn sɣ Lmɣrib, lli sdurrinin akal n Wandalus imikk s imikk. Ɣ uzgn wis sin n tasut tis tamt, ikka tt inn yan unfal ijfan ɣ tnbaḍt n waɛrabn lli igan agʷri i tgldit n Ayt umya ɣ Dimacq, uckan d Iɛbbasn tiɣrdin nnsn, ssugrn ɣ Bɣdad. Yan ugldun Amawi irwl sɣ Dimacq, ism as Ɛbderraḥman, ilkm indlas, isrs yat tnbaḍt tamaynut ɣ Qurṭuba, iga tt d yat tgldunt iddrfin f Baɣdad.^[1]

Zrin tam n igldunn gr 756 d 929 f yat tizi lli ɣ tt inn ikka yan unẓnẓṛ adlsan n tsga ann —mqqar tt inn kkan kra n izmaz war tazggut — aylliɣ iɣts Ɛbdṛṛḥman wis kṛaḍ ad isbidd Lxilafa, issyakaz agayyu nns is iga agldun n inaflusn. Azwl ad, tama n tnaya nns, ifka as ula tanaya tanimant f tamtti "Lumma", yajj t ɣikad ad ig andrif sɣ iming.^[1]

Ɣ tizi n tnabat n lxlift ad d umkkassu nns Lḥakam wis sin, issn Wandalus kra sɣ izmaz n tmagrt tadlsant akkʷ yattuyn: isnubg ibrgmmi nns imassann, d imdyazn, d iflsafn mqqurnin... Ɣ isggʷasn ad, ttyawbnant twuriwin mqquṛnin n tṣka ɣ wandalus, zun d tɣrmt tagldant n Madinat Zahra (Qurṭuba) d tmzgida n Qurṭuba. S idis yaḍnin, ɣaman f tuggra d ibrgmma mqqurnin n bṛṛa n uzmz ann, swa d imuslmn, ula ibizanṭn d tnayatin tiṛubbiyn yaḍnin.^[1]

Tiglday n Ṭṭwayf

S uzray n uggar n simraw n usggʷas n tɣwwaɣt (lfitna), tafuḍ sul lxlift n Ayt umya. Smẓlin inbbaḍn d tsgiwin mzaraynin n Andalus ixfawn nnsn, skrn ibrgmma lli ganin winnsn, irin ad myazzaln d Qerṭuba ɣ taẓilt nns. Rant kra n tgrummatin mqqurnin n waɛrabn, imaziɣn d imulladn ad ṭṭfnt tanaya f tmazirt niɣ d hlli tiɣrmt nnsn; ɣikad a s d umannt «Tiglday n ṭṭwayf». Ffɣn d sɣ gisn inbbaḍn n Ṭulayṭula, Saraguṣṭa, Aɣrnaṭa, Lmriyya d Icbilya, mqqar llan wiyyaḍ ggutnin. Ɣ usggawru n Icbilya, ittyawssan yan ugllid igan anḍḍam ism as Lmuɛtamid u Ɛbbad lli immutn ɣ uzwag nns ɣ tmdint n Aɣmat ur yaggugn Mrrakc. Ula azzigz n iṛmmuyn yiwi d inrawn mqqurnin, zun d xtalli iskr Alfuns Wis Sḍis, lliɣ nn ikka f tɣrmt n tliṭla ɣ usggʷas n 1085.

Tamnukdiwin n Imaziɣn

Ɣ usru ad d yuckan ɣ tgira n tasut tis 11, iffuɣ d yan umussu asrtan d usgdan amaynu sɣ tmazirt n Sus, ig bab nns Ɛbdllah u Yasin aguzul, lli izuzzrn aswingm nns gr yat tqbilt tamaziɣt n tnzruft lli tt igan d, Ilmtunn, tssrsl awank nna n Imrabḍn.

Ɣ wandalus, mnid n untag amasiḥi, ttrn igllidn n ṭṭwayf tiwisi sɣ dar Imrabḍn. Awank ad lli bḥra ibnan tiɣrmt n Mrrakc ɣ usggʷas n 1070 ig umskar nns Yusf u Tacfin, kcmn imṛabḍn s tzungzirt taybirit, ṛẓin nit isrdasn n Alfuns wis sḍis ɣ Tzllaqt. Ur kkin kigan aylliɣ ẓḍaṛn ad kullu sittin tiglday n ṭṭwayf, gin afus f Wandalus.

Macc, ɣ yat tizi ɣ tnbaḍt nnsn, smdn imasiḥiyn kra n iẓmmuẓẓal mqquṛnin, zun d lliɣ umẓn Saragusṭa s igli n Alfuns amzwaru ɣ 1118. Yaɣ tnbaḍt n Imrabḍn yan usikṣḍ s unfilal n yan umussu asgdan amaynu lli d iffaɣn ɣ idrarn n Sus, gin t: Imuḥdin.

Awank ad amaynu ilul d ɣ uẓẓun n yat tqbilt tamaziɣt illan ɣ udrar n Drn lli tt igan d Imẓmuḍn. S tigli n u Tumart, ittyasnmala uwank ad s tɣawla afad ad izzugz imzwura nns. Nbḍn nit sɣ Mṛṛakc, amẓn Andalus, fkan as daɣ yan ufra d ubuɣlu adamsan d udlsan. Mlan ixfawn nnsn is gan ibnnayn mqquṛnin, zmrn d ɣ idis nnsn imaratn d imassann imufayn n uzmz ann. Ɣ Wandalus, gan ɣ Icbilya tamaẓunt nnsn. Awank ad n imuḥdin issnti ad iṭṭaṛ sɣ usggʷas n 1212 lliɣ rẓan ɣ imnɣi n Tmdda mgal idwasn n imasiḥiyn n Aragun d Qctala.

Ẓṛ uggar

Tisaɣulin

↑ ^a ^b ^c et ^d "History of al-Andalus". El legado andalusi (s tutlayt anglais américain). Retrieved 2026-01-15.

[:0-1] t ^d "History of al-Andalus". El legado andalusi (s tutlayt anglais américain). Retrieved 2026-01-15.

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