Imuḥdin

Imuḥdin, gan yat turfa Tamaziɣt n imẓmudn skrn yat tmnukda tamuslmt ɣ tfriqt n Ugafa d Wandalus (1130–1269), tettyawẓka f umlann isgdann n u Tumrt (immut ɣ 1130). Gin Yan uwank aclḥi da issntin ɣ Tinml ɣ udrar n Drn ɣ Lmɣrib ɣ wattayn n 1120, tettyawskan tmnkuda nnsn s twngimin n u Tumrt d tutriwin nns f wallal n itaggn ɣusnin n usyan n Rbbi (Aɣal n Tawḥid).

Tamnukda n Imuḥdin

Ɣ usggʷas 1121, iffuɣ d u Tumrt inna is d nttan ad igan Lmhdi, ig daɣ amɣar asgdan d unbbaḍ asrdas, issnti imnɣan d Imrabḍn. Ddu tnbaḍt n Ɛbd Lmumn da t inn iḍfarn, zzugzn Imuḥdiyn awank n Imrabḍn ɣ usggʷas 1147, sdurrin ilmma Lmɣrib, tettyamaẓ asn Mṛṛakc lli igan tamaẓunt nnsn tamaynut.

Macc, timizar n Imrabḍn ɣ Wandalus ɣamant yan imikk ɣiklli gant aylliɣ ikma lxlift Bu Yaɛqub Yusf (inbḍ gr 1163–84) i Icbilya ad as tknu ɣ 1172; iḍfṛ t ilmma usmad n wazzaɣ n Imuḥdiyn f mad yagurn ɣ ikaliwn n Wandalus.

Ɣ uzmz n tnbaḍt n Abu Yusf Yaɛqub Amnẓuṛ (1184–99), kra n tgrawliwin qjrnin n tawsitin n Waɛrabn skrnt ma ur idrusn n irddaln ɣ tsgiwin n ugmmuḍ n tmnkda, macc ɣ Spanya, iɣama imizi n iṛmmuyn izga, a mqqar d anraw n Lmanṣuṛ ɣ imnɣi n Alarkus (1195) lli fllasn yiwi.

Ar imnɣi n Tamdda niɣ d Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) lli ɣ ṛẓan Imuḥdin tiṛẓi nnsn imqquṛn s ifassn n turfa tamasiḥit n Leon d Qctala d Nabarra d Aragon. Ttyawswrrayn ilmma s tmnaḍin nnsn ɣ Tfriqt n Ugafa, ɣilli ɣ d nit ɣʷin ayt Faṣka tanbaḍt ɣ Tuns (1236) azray n yat tizi idrusn, gin Ayt Ɛbdlwad afus f Tlemsan (1239), aylliɣ sul tḍr Mṛṛakc ɣ ifassn n Ayt Mrin (1269).

Tasntayt

U Tumrt, lli rad ig anbdad amzwaru n umussu n imuḥdin, iga u tmazirt n Igiliz n Sus. Tamnaḍt ad tlla ngr idrarn n udrar n Drn d Waṭlas Mẓẓiyn, adɣar ad ittyawssan ɣ umzruy is tt inn gis tkka Tmalikit, Talmuɛtazilit d ula Tciyyaɛt. Mqqar iga yan u tqbilt n Warɣn lli iḍfarn i Imṣmudn, ar ittini f ugayyu nns is d ikka tawja n isr n Rbbi. Tiɣri nns tsɣi as ad iftu ad ikk agmmuḍ n tmazirt: izwur s Al-Andalus ɣ usggʷas nit n 500 n Thijrit (1106/1107 n tlalit), fad s iming n tmizar n Lislam. Ar ittyawnna is imnaggar d umassan bahra ittyawssann n usgd d tsnakuct, Aggag Al-Ɣazali ɣ tmdint n Baɣdad.

Yat tulaft taṣblyunit i u Tumrt

Al-Ɣazali (immutn ɣ 505 n Thijrit / 1111 n tlalit), amsknaw n usgd bahra ittyawssann, ittyalas is ifka tagzzant is d u Tumrt a rad ig ttmi i tnbaḍt n Imrabṭn. Tamnukda ad tjdr adlis amqran n Al-Ɣazali, "Iḥyaɛ Ulum Ad-din" (Assidr n tawssniwin n usgd), ddu waddaw n imassann n Tmalikit lli t yugin.

Lliɣ izzri yan uzmz ɣ tmdint n Aliksandriya n Ifaḍmiyn, ɣilli ɣ ar nit iswar u Tumrt f itaggn n usgd, issnti aɣaras nns n udwal s Lmɣrib s usaka n yill. Isli Ṭṛablus, izri ilmma s tagut, ibidd ɣ Lmhdiyya, Munastir, Tuns d Qsnṭina, fad ad ilkm Bgayt ɣ usggʷas n 511 n Thijrit (1119 n tlalit). Ikka tt inn ɣ umuddu nns akkʷ, idum asɣḍaf n middn mgal ɣaylli iẓṛa nttan is ur igi d lislam, zun d issi n unẓiẓ, d imassn n umarg d umrkas gr iwtman d tutmin.

Yan igi imqquṛn izri ɣ Tmllalt, tama n Bgayt, ɣilli ɣ imnaggar u Tumrt d Ɛabd lmumn, yan u tqbilt n Gumya tama n Tlmsan, ikka tt inn ɣwad ar ittḥiyyal ad iftu s iming afad ad ɣinn ismd tiɣri nns. U Tumrt, lli yad illa ɣ ixf nns is rad imnaggar d ufgan ad, inna i Ɛbd lmumnn is d tawssna da isiggil tlla as ɣ Lmɣrib, imla as gr as dids, is d yan imal bahra iflujjan ar srs ittaggʷa. imun ilmma u Tumrt d yat trabbut imẓẓiyn n willi t ḍfaṛnin ad utn aɣaras s Mrrakc, kkan Tlmsan d Fas d Mknas d Sla.