U Tumrt
| Muḥmmad Bn Tumrt | |
|---|---|
 | |
| afgan | |
| Anaw nɣ asrtu | awtm  |
| Tamazirt n tɣlant | Imwaḥdin |
| Ism amzwaru | Mohammed |
| Asakud n tlalit | années 1080, 7 Kṭubr 1078 |
| Ida n tlalit | Igiliz |
| Assf n tmttant | 20 Ɣuct 1130, 25 Dujanbir 1130 |
| Ida n tmttant | Tinmel |
| Tutlayt taymmat | Tutlayt tamaziɣt |
| Tutlayin s ar isawal nɣ s ar ittara | Tutlayt tamaziɣt, Tutlayt Taɛṛabt |
| Amḥḍaṛ d unlmad | Abd al-Mumin |
| Tagrumma taytnit | Imẓmudn |
| Asgd d tnbaḍt ɣ ddunit | Lislam |
| Idra ɣ umnzaɣ n | bataille d'Al-Buhayra |
| Adlis inyafn | The Guiding Creed |
| Statut des droits d'auteur du créateur ou de la créatrice | droits d'auteurs ne pouvant plus être enfreints |
| Kunya | ʾAbū ʿAbd Allāh |
| Madhhab | zahirisme |
Muḥmmad u Tumrt u Ɛbdlla u Ugllid u Yamẓal niɣ d Asafu niɣ d Amɣar, iga yan umssaɣd asgdan d yan unssixf asrtan d yan waggag Aclḥi Amuslm, ssɣ idrarn n igiliz n Warɣn ɣ lqblt n Trudant ɣ Sus,[1] ilul gis ɣ wattayn n usggʷas 473 n uzwag ikkan d 1081 tagrigurit, immut ɣ usggʷas 1130 tagrigurit ɣ udrar n Drn ɣ tmzgida n Tinml ɣ laḍṛaf n Ijukak, ismun ɣ tudrt nns gigan n talatin tisgdanin afad ad issnflul ɣ tigira yan uɣal mi issaɣ ism n "Aɣal amurcid" lli rad issmrs ɣ tgrawla nns mgal tnbaḍt n Imṛabṭn[1], imma willi t ḍfṛnin ifka asn ism n "Imwḥdiyn" ɣwilli rad sul ṣṣṛṣun Tamnukda Tamuḥdiyt da igan yat ssɣ tmunkdiwin Timaziɣin lli akkʷ mqqurnin ɣ umzruy n Tfriqt n ugafay, irim n waggag ad ɣ unmala asrtan ula asgdan iɛdm mad t irwasn ɣ umzruy n udaram Anslm, iffi u Tumrt tuggt n taddwayt, ifl yan iḍiṣ idran ɣamant tifiras nns ar ɣ ass ad nit sul.[1]
Ittyara f u Tumrt yan udlis da iglmn yan ugzzum ɣ tudrt nns, sɣ imuddutn nns aylliɣ immut, adlis ad ittyawssan s ism n "Inɣmisn n Lmhdi u Tumrt d ussnti n uwank Amwḥdi" yura t usmun nns Bubkr Aẓnag (Lbidq).
Iẓuṛan nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tamazirt nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga u Tumrt g tqbilt n Warɣn, yat tqbilt Tamṣmuḍt illan ɣ Waṭlaṣ Imẓẓiyn, tg tadjaṛt n tqbilin n Ida uniḍif d ida uzddut lli llanin ɣ iffus nns, induzal ɣ lqblt nns, d ida ufinis ɣ tagut nns d lmnabha ɣ ugafa nns. Ɣ tqbilt ad tlla yat tfnɣa mi ttinin "igli" nttat a ɣ iṛẓm u Tumrt alln nns tiklit izwarn, tg nit ɣilli ɣ issnti tutra Tamuḥdiyt, ɣ udɣar ad nit a ɣ yumẓ lbiɛt nns izwarn, tg tqbilt nns tamzwarut lli as tt ifkan. Imma lli ɣ sul immatti s Tinml ɣ wasif Nfis tzga dis yat trabbut ssɣ gisn, tttyawsmma s "Warɣn Nfis" faɣ ad tsngiri ixf nns d xtalli illan ɣ Waṭlaṣ imẓẓiyn.
Assaɣ nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ur d kullu mcuckin isugam f mani d ikka wassaɣ nns, illa mad ittinin is izdi d ayt tgmmi n isr Muḥmmad, d lli ifftun ar Ɛli Bn Abi Ṭalib d Faḍma ult Muḥmmad acku iga ɣ wayyawn Mulay Dris d ar ttinin f twja nns "isrɣinn", Yili daɣ mad akkʷ yutn ɣ iẓuṛan ad d ar ttinin is tn ka issnflul ɣ usiggl nns ad dars yili uzrf n Tmhdawiyt. Awal da f biddn mddn is iga urgaz ad yan Ususi ssɣ tqbilt n Warɣn lli igan yan ixs ɣ umqqun n tqbilin n Imṣmuḍn.
Tawja nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ɣmklli yuls Lbidq ɣ udlis nns "Kitab Al-Ansab" (Adlis n wassaɣn ɣ twssna n imddukkal), tawja n u Tumrt tettyawssan s ism n "Ayt Umɣar", iṭṭaf kṛaḍ aytmatn: Bu Musa Ɛisa g umɣar, Bu Muḥmmad Ɛbdlɛziz g umɣar, Bu Lɛbbas Ḥmad abukaḍ g umɣar, dars yat ultmas ism nns "Zinb mu Bubkr", imma innas n u Tumrt tga ssɣ tqbilt n Imskaln ism nns Mu Lḥusayn ult Waburkn Amskal ssɣ ayt Yusf, d Babas ism as Ɛbdllah ittyawssan ɣ tmẓẓit nns d ar iɣ imqqur s "Tumrt u Ugllid" acku lli ɣ ilul tmmr bahra sis innas tnna: "A tumrt inu issk a ywi!", tkka tt inn ar gis tssgut, ittyawssan daɣ babas s ism n "Umɣar" acku yucka d yan wass s dar Lmhdi yaf t id igawr nit d yan uzddal (trabbut) n imddukal nns d tizi lli as d yaẓ, inna as: "Zzayd a amɣar nna" , yan wass daɣ ɣ wussan lli illa ɣ Tinml iffuɣ d Lmhdi dffir tẓallit n tylgi d izmuln llan sul ɣ walln nns, inna i mad iḥaḍṛn ɣ imddukkal tama n imi n tgmmi nns mas d immut umɣar ad t irḥm Rbbi, zɛma babas.
Asafu
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Inna u Xldun is as ittyawfka wassaɣ ad n usafu acku ikka tt inn ar bahra ittkka timzgadiwin d ar gisnt issrɣa isufa ɣayann a f as fkan assaɣ ad nns.
Taguri ad ibdr tt daɣ Lbidq ɣ udlis n inɣmissn n u Tumrt, inna tt lxlift Ɛbd Lmumn Agumi bac ad ig ssiɛr ɣ wulawn n imknasn imwḥdiyn. Inna asn: Asafu! Rurn as d akkʷ s isrdasn d yisan nnsn: Ad nɣzu, ssunt ur dim nbḍi!
Amuddu nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Issnti u Tumrt tiɣri nns ɣ tmazirt nns nit, iḥsa gis lqran ilmd kra n imnzuyn n twssna n usgd d ccrɛ d tutlayt Taɛrabt, ikka tt inn ugẓaw ad (aɛrrim ad) dars mad ittini, icṛmd, iga adiwan ɣ Tmaziɣt ula ɣ Tɛrabt, yuti akkʷ ingga nns, d lli ɣ ẓṛan mddn ma mi iẓḍaṛ, fkan as ism n "Usafu".
Ɣ tizwiri n tasut 5 n uzwag, yumẓ u Tumrt aɣaras s Wandalus, ikk kra n wussan ɣ tɣrmt n Qṛḍuba da tt inn ikkan yat tmzillizt (lmnara) n twssna ɣ wakud ann, izri daɣ s Tskndrit, iḥujja, fadd ilmma ifta s Lɛiraq ɣilli ɣ rad imnaggar d yan uzddal n imassann n usgd, yiwi d sɣ darsn ma iggutn ɣ tyafut d yat twssna iflin, ɣ uzmz ann nit kkan tt inn igzzann d iqddacn ar sawaln f unfalal n kra n uwank amaynu ɣ tmizar n utaram (Lmɣrib) gr yat tamtti n Imaziɣn. Nnan daɣ is imnaggar ɣ dɣinn d waggag Lɣazali, isawl as f mayad, ilqqm as is ur sul izddig Lislam ddu uwank ad illan, imnaggar daɣ ɣ iming (ccrq) d kigan n waggagn n Tcɛariyt n ayt tzanna (ssunt), tssusm tt tɣarast nnsn slawan ɣ tanilt n iɣaln isalafiyn d unḍaw fllasn s wanẓatn iwngimn, imun disn ɣ ufaṣṛ n tmrwasin, izwar ɣayad is tt inn middn ɣ lmɣrib fln afaṣṛ, ɛtarfn s tmrwasin zun d lliɣ ibdr Rbbi irfsan nns ɣ Lisfar (lquran), tmun tnbaḍt n u Tumrt d twada f Lɛiṣma n Ṭṭalb ɣmkda skarn ayt Limamt n Cciɛt, inẓm f mayann yan udlis ifka as assaɣ n "أعز ما يطلب".
Adwal nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]- Msmun awal n SGSM : Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)