Sus
Hann tasna n udɣar amzray d tamazirt n Sus ad tga xta ! Amma tasna isawaln f tsga n Sus-Masst lli igan yat zɣ tsgiwin n Lmɣrib ha tt xtad ad-t igan.
Tga Tmazirt n Sus (s tfinaɣ: ⵙⵓⵙ, s taɛrabt: سوس, s tfransist: Souss) yat tsga bahra istawhmman ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib, slawan akkʷ s umzruy, tadlsa d trakalt nns, tbḍa f snat tsgiwin Sus-Masst d Glmim-Asif Nun. Ayt sus gan iclḥiyn ar sawaln tutlayt taclḥit. Tettussan tsga ad bahra s taddagt n wargan lli gis illan, ur tlli ɣ awd mani yaḍn. Tg ula udɣar nna ɣ bdan imnkad (empires) mqqurnin zun d Imrabḍn, Imwaḥḥidn, Isɛdiyn d tgldit n Tẓrwalt dɣ nttat.
Tga Sus yat tsga nna ɣ tlla tfllaḥt iggutn, ilin gis tugt n tmssntay, tettussan s tamallayt ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib. Tamaẓunt nns tga tt tmdint n Ugadir, tg tamdint lli akkʷ gis imqqurn d nttat ad yusin tadamsa n tmazirt n Sus. Ilin daɣ timdinin yaḍnin zun d Tiznit, Tarudant, Ayt Mllul, Inzggan, Ayt Baha, Byugra, Tafrawt, Ifni, Ṭaṭa, atg.
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Sus tga yat tmazirt nɣ tasga illan ɣ unẓul utrim n tgldit n Lmɣrib. Tg tasga nna ɣ illa uṭṭun akkʷ imqqurn n imssiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin ɣ tgldit. Tutlayt nnsn tga taclḥit.
Ɣ tmazirt ad ar nttafa idrarn n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ ugafay nns d idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns. Adrar lli akkʷ gis imqqurn iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli illan gr aṭlas mqqurn d way mẓẓiyn. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi nns uggar n 3 304 m. Ar gis zrayn yan wasif bahra ittussan att igan Asif n Sus.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan tn Tiznit, Tarudant, Ayt Mllul, Inzggan, Ayt Baha, Byugra, Tafrawt, Ifni, Ṭaṭa, Wlad tayma, Bizakarn, Masst, Taliwin ... Tg Agadir tamaẓunt nns
Iwtta imzrayn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttglamn id bu umzruy n uzmz amuslm Sus mas tga Tamazirt n Igizuln, nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas fkan i udɣar arakal yat taskta tanfgant, mayad isnamk mas d Sus tga tamazirt n Igizuln.[1] Isnml Ɛabdlwaḥd Almuṛṛakuci tamazirt n Sus ḍaṛt ma f isawl f Mṛṛakc, inna: « Mṛṛakc ad akkʷ iggʷran ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin n Lmɣrib nna gis ittussann, d ur tlli kra n tmdint yaḍn ḍaṛat nns ittubdarn nna ɣ rad tili tɣrma, abla kra n tmdinin mẓẓinin ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa. Tlla yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Tarudant, nna igan tamaẓunt n Sus, d nna ɣ ttmunan imzdaɣn nns (imzdaɣn n Sus zɛma) d yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Zujundar, nna illan ɣ iggi n uẓṛf, tettuzdaɣ zdar willi swurrin ɣ usufɣ n ma illan ɣ uzara ann, amma ɣ tmazirt n Igizuln, yat tmdint igan tamaẓunt nnsn tga s yism Lkest. Ɣ tmazirt n Lmṭa, yat tmdint yaḍn ism as ɣd nttat Lmṭa, timdinin ad llant ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, s ma iẓlin s Tarudant d Zujundar, kcmɣ sisnt d ssnɣ tnt, is akkʷ sul ssnɣ inmudda d itjjarn d wiyyaḍ, slawant akkʷ tmdint n yizaran ittussann ddu yism n Zujundar, amma tmdint n Igizuln d tin Lmṭa, middn n idɣarn ann ka d tnt ittkkan. »[2]
Timdinin mẓẓinin ittubdarn zdar Almuṛṛakuci zɣ Tarudant ar Lmṭa ttussann ɣassa ddu yism n Sus, acku inna : « Timdinin timẓyanin n Sus Al Aqṣa, ɣ tilawt, Al Yaɛqubi ɣ tasut tiss IX iskr ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa d tamdint zun d ukan tmdinin n Tamdult d Masst. Kkant tt inn tmdinin ad zɣ tmdinin tixatarin n Sus. Nniɣ: Amma Tamdult, ur sul tsul ɣassa, d Masst nttat tsul da ttimɣur. Dɣya siɣ isbuɣla Al Yaɛqubi tannayt nns inna: " d Sus tlla ɣ ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn, ad t igan d Waṭlas Mqqurn, d ar itthyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa ɣ d ttbddu tmnaḍt taṣḥrawit ».[3][4] Ayad irwas tannayt n Al Bakri ɣ tasut tiss XI, lli ittglamn Sus s tmnaḍt illan ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn bac ad thyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa, nna ɣ tbddu tnzruft.[3]
Ibn Xaldun ntta ar ittglam Sus Al Aqṣa zun d kullu ma illan ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, nna ɣ tlla Trudant d Ifran d ar tthyyu ɣ ugmmuḍ ɣ unafar n Dra, ar gis izray asif n Sus ar yill.[5] Asnml ad ad bahra nttafa ɣ uzmz n imariniyn zun d adɣar n twalit n irgayn, Imariniyn nttni yadlli bḍan Lmɣrib f smmust tmnaḍin n twalit n irgayn. Tawalit ad ad nttafa ula ɣ uzmz asɛdi. Sin isugam ad ittsddidn i usnml ad; amzwaru iga t Aglam n Tfriqt, nna ɣ ittinni bab nns Ḥasan Al Wazzan: « Rad salaɣ ɣilad tasga n Sus, lli illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas, ɣ iffus, mnid n tmazirt n Iḥaḥan, ifttun ɣ tagut zɣ yill, d itthyyun ɣ iffus ɣ umlal n tnzruft, ɣ iẓẓlmḍ llan idrarn n Waṭlas. Ɣ ugmmuḍ, ar uɣbalu n wasif n Sus, nna ɣ d tiwi tsga ad ism nns »[6]. S ma iẓlin s usagm wiss sin: Asggaz n twalit n irgayn n Aḥmad Almanṣur Addahbi, ittussann ddu yism n « Diwan n tqbilin n Sus »[7], ar gis nttafa ismawn n tqbilin tisusiyin ittussan ɣ uzmz ann. Ittusmras ism n "Sus" bac ad sis snamkn adɣar ittusnmln s isugam nna nbdr zɣ tuddma n uzmz aɛalawi ar ɣassa, ad t igan d udɣar illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ iffus ar tnzruft d zɣ yill aṭlanti ar asif n Dra ɣ ugmmuḍ.
Ɣ udlis n Sus Al Ɛalima n bab nns Muḥmmad Lmuxtar Asusi, ar ittsnml Sus ɣmk ad: « [...] Ar nttɛni s Sus aylli illan gr waddarn n iffus n Drn ar tnzruft, zɣ Wad Nun d tqbilin nns Tkna d Rakaybat d wiyyaḍ ar tsgiwin n Ṭaṭa d Sktana. »[8]
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yan ccarij nna ɣ llan kigan d waman ad iskrn ɣ Sus yat zɣ tsgiwin lli akkʷ iblsn ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib tasutin f tasutin ayad. Ittussan ɣ mad idrusn zɣ tasut tis yat d mrawt s tadlsa nns d usifḍ n sskkʷaṛ. Azmz n wurɣ n tmazirt n Sus tlla ɣ jwayh n tasut tis sa d mraw ɣ uzmz n tagldit n Taẓrwalt, tkka tt inn ɣ uzmz ann tga tmazirt n Sus yat tmazirt istaqlan s yixf nns d tstaɣlla ɣ akud ann tasbbabt n wassay aṣḥrawi n wurɣ d uznz n sskkar i isbbabn ibrṭqqizn, ihulanḍiyn d inglizn. Ammas n tsbbabt n bṛṛa ɣ akud ann ikka tt inn ɣ Ugadir, yat tamdint illan ɣ iggi wasif n sus s kra n 10 id kilomitr[9].
Tutlayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
|
Ar sawaln isusiyn s taclḥit lli igan yat tutlayt tamaziɣt illan ɣ tamazirt n lmɣrib, middn li sis isawaln gan Iclḥiyn. nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ wuṭṭun n imssiwln d tiriwt n udɣar arakal nna tumẓ, llan uggar gr 8 ar 10 id mlyun ar sis sawaln.
Tettusawal Tclḥiyt ɣ Sus, Iḥaḥan, Lḥuz n Mrrakc d kra n tsggʷin yaḍnin asn d iwalan. Tumẓ tutlayt taclḥit zɣ Taṣṣurt ɣ ugafa ar Aglmim ɣ unẓul ar Warzazat ɣ ugmuḍ. Mac ar tin ntafa tlla ula ɣ timdinin mqqurnin n lmɣrib zun d Tigmmi Tumlilt, d Rṛbaṭ d Sla.
Tkattin taclḥit ar tt taran s uskkil aɛrab nɣd alatini, ilin tugt n arratn s tclḥit s uskkil aɛrab. Ɣ isggʷasn ad ggʷranin isfɣ usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt anaw amaynu n tifinaɣ ar as tinin Neo-Tifinaɣ ntat ɣila as tt taran willi as ssnin. Mqqar twuri lli d iskr usinag agldan, agmmay alatini d waɛrab ad akk iggutn slawan ɣ lWib d wantirnit.
Taclḥit kcmn tt iwaliwn n taɛrabt mac nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna idrus is as kcmt iwaliwn iɛrabn, urd zun d taqbaylit d tarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin ..., nẓḍar ad nini mas d nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna akkʷ iṭṭafn uṭṭun imqqurn n iwaliwn iẓuran ɣ tmaziɣt, zun d amdya d izwiln nna illan sul ɣ wawal aclḥi ar ɣassa. Ɣayn ad yujjan tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin atn usin zɣ taclḥit afad ad tn skcmn s wawal nsn.
Imzdaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ayt sus gan yan ugdud zɣ igdudn iclḥiyn imaziɣn[10].
Timdinin tisusiyin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiqbilin tisusiyin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Laxṣaṣ
- Idagarsmuk
- Idakwaran
- Idakwakmar
- Idaw Amḥmd
- Idaw Baɛqil
- Idaw Brahim
- Idaw Blal
- Idaw Buzya
- Idaw Tinst
- Idaw Zal
- Idaw Zdut
- Idaw Zdaɣ
- Idaw Zkri
- Idaw Ziki
- Idaw Smlal
- Idaw Finis
- Idaw Ktir
- Idaw Knsus
- Idaw Gniḍif
- Idaw Ltit
- Idaw Martin
- Idaw Mnu
- Idaw Niḍif
- Arɣn
- Actukn
- Aksimn
- Amanuz
- Ammln
- Alanṣaṣ
- Wlad Jlal
- Wlad Mimun
- Wlad Yaḥya
- Awnayn
- Ibrkakn
- Ayt Aḥmad
- Ayt Alḥsn
- Ayt Alxms
- Ayt Alrxa
- Ayt Alsaḥl
- Ayt Almɛdr
- Ayt Alnṣ
- Ayt Awɣan
- Ayt Awfra
- Ayt Awqa
- Ayt Awkadir
- Ayt Awkrḍ
- Ayt Awklw
- Ayt Awmribṭ
- Ayt Ifran
- Ayt Ikas
- Ayt Ilukan
- Ayt Baɛmran
- Ayt Baha
- Ayt Baha Awmlal
- Ayt Brayyim
- Ayt Bubkr
- Ayt Buɛṭa
- Ayt Bunuḥ
- Ayt Bwalṭib
- Ayt Trudant
- Ayt Tidli
- Ayt Tiznit
- Ayt Tifawt
- Ayt Tikni
- Ayt Zkri
- Ayt Jrar
- Ayt Jml
- Ayt Aḥmd
- Ayt Ḥrbil
- Ayt Smik
- Ayt Ṣwab
- Ayt Ɛbdallah
- Ayt Ɛbdallah Awsɛid
- Ayt Ɛtman
- Ayt Ɛli Waɛla
- Ayt Ɛmirt
- Ayt Ɛin
- Ayt Falas
- Ayt Masst
- Ayt Mẓal
- Ayt Musa
- Ayt Musa Awɛli
- Ayt Milk
- Ayt Wadrim
- Ayt Warḥu
- Ayt Wasa
- Ayt Wasu
- Ayt Wafqa
- Ayt Walyaḍ
- Ayt Wikman
- Ayt Yḥya
- Ixulan
- Iduska Izdar
- Iduska n uflla
- Irḥḥaln
- Iznagn
- Isaffn
- Isakn
- Isktan
- Ismukn
- Isndaln
- Issi
- Iṣbuya
- Iɣcan
- Iɣir Mluln
- Ikunan
- Ikunka
- Ilaln
- Iliɣ
- Imjjaḍ
- Imstitn
- Imskin
- Imcgigiln
- Imntagn
- Induzal
- Ihrkitn
- Iwaziwin
- Bizakarn
- Taẓrwalt
- Tasrirt
- Taskdlt
- Taṣdmit
- Taṭawin
- Taɣjijt
- Tafndilt
- Takmut
- Takna
- Tamnart
- Tudma
- Tucka
- Tuflɛzt
- Tikiwin
- Tiyuwt
- Alxnafif
- Aldu Drar
- Izwafiḍn
- Imi n ugadir (Fm lḥṣn)
- Qṣur Ṭaṭa
- Alqliɛat
- Kṭiwt
- Alknasis
- Mzdakn
- Lmnabha
- Mir llft
- Huwwara
- Turkuz
- Tafrawt
- Tafrawt lmulud
- Ilɣ
- Anmalus
- Mrayt
- Ayt Mnṣur
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
|
Udmawn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Ibn Tumrt, argaz lli d ibdan imbraṭurya n Imwaḥḥidn
- Aḥmad Ɛaṣid, aslmad, amɣnas, anḍḍam, amara, amzraw amɣribi
- Aḥmad Adɣrni, amara, amɣnas, buyzrfan d ar ittdafɛa f izrfan n ufgan amaziɣ ɣ Lmɣrib;
- Ɛabdllah Zakur, amɣar d amɣnas mgal ifransawiyn ɣ tsga n Sus;
- Muḥammad Muxtar Asusi, amara d aɣlnaẓri amɣribi d argaz asrtan;
- Iznzarn, tarabbut tamaziɣt n umarg;
- Ɛaziz Axnnuc, argaz n iskkinn nna akk itrfḥn ɣ Lmɣrib, iṭṭaf tuggt n lmacariɛ, ig amawsas n tafllaḥt;
- Muḥammad Bn Sliman Al-Jazuli, amɣar n taqbilt tamaziɣt n Iguzuln;
- Ɛabdrraḥman Buftas, argaz asrtan amɣribi d argaz n iskkinn;
- Ḥassan Abuyub, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Muḥammad Ḥaṣad, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Salaḥ Mzili, argaz asrtan amɣribi;
- Mḥammd Bihmdn, argaz n tsrtit d iskkinn d bu-lmacariɛ;
- Muḥammad Xayr-Ddin, amara amɣribi;
- Salwa Idrissi Axnnuc, talmudirt n trabbut n Aksal - Morocco Mall;
- Tahar Bimzzaɣ, Amudir n Koutoubia;
- Saɛid Muḥammad Faḍil, bu-lmacariɛ, bab n Petromin Maroc ;
- Jamal Rraji, bu-lmacariɛ, bab n Atay Sultan;
- Saɛd-Ddin Lɛutmani, wazir amzwaru.
Uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Imlan yaḍnin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Idlisn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
|
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Muqaddima - Ibn Khaldoun
- ↑ Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi, Al-mu'jib fi talkhis akhbar ahl al-Maghrib
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 الشعر العربي في سوس بين الاتباع والإبداع: خلال القرن العشرين
- ↑ مسألة النقود في تاريخ المغرب في القرن التاسع عشر
- ↑ مساهمة في دراسة تاريخ علاقة الدولة بالجهة : مونوغرافية سوس
- ↑ معلمة المغرب: قاموس مرتب على حروف الهجاء يحيط بالمعارف المتعلقة بمختلف الجوانب التاريخية والجغرافية والبشرية والحضارية للمغرب الأقص
- ↑ ديوان قبائل سوس: في عهد السلطان احمد المنصور
- ↑ المعسول في الإلغيين وأساتذتهم وتلامذتهم وأصدقائهم 1-21 سوس العالمة
- ↑ ( fr ) Wikimazigh.com - L'histoire de Souss
- ↑ Tribus de Souss - 16 uktubr 2010