Tifinaɣ
Tifinaɣ (Asusru amaziɣ: [tifinaɣ]; Niyu-Tifinaɣ: ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ; Tifinaɣ n imuzaɣ: ⵜⴼⵉⵏⵗ niɣ ⵜⴼⵏⵗ) iga yan ugʷmmay n tirra ittyusmrasn g tirra n tutlayin timaziɣin[1][2].
Tettyuskar yat twafuɣt tatrart n ugʷmmay abldi, ddaw ism Niyu-Tifinaɣ (s tnglizt: Neo-Tifinaɣ) ɣ tasuta tis 20. Ar tettyusmras yat twafuɣt n uskkil abldi, ism nns Tifinaɣ IRCAM, ɣ usslmd n tutlayt tamaziɣt i wazzann ɣ tinmal ula ɣ kra n tẓrigin ɣ Lmɣrib[3].
Tucka-d tguri Tifinaɣ, ɣ tannayt n kra n imrzzutn, zɣ usmzzɣ n tguri “Punicus” talatint s ti- lli igan azwir n wunti amaziɣ[4][5] ; ayann a f irwas is tsnamk “(iskkiln) ifuniqn” nɣ d “iskkiln ibuniqn”. Wiyyaḍ ar snaln yat tsnaẓɣuṛt izdin d umyag “efneɣ” lli isnamkn 'Ara'[6].
Asala[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttinin imuzayn is d yucka ugʷmmay n Tifinaɣ zɣ ugʷmmay alibi azayku nɣ Alibu-maziɣ (Libyco-Berber), macc amhaz nns ur bahra yuman[7]. Amggaru ad ikka tt inn ar t bahra ssmrasn imssiwln n tutlayt Tanuimidt nɣ Talibit taqburt, nna f ur nssin amr kra idrusn, ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Asala n ugʷmmay ad ur ittwassan s tmyimant. Kra n imrzzutn annin is ila kra n tsqqnt d ugʷmmay Afuniq[8]. Ur ittwassan wakud ɣ d ibayn ugʷmmay alibu-maziɣ, macca ur rad yizwur ifḍ tamzwaru dat n tlalit[9]. Inɣuba ugʷmmay ḍart n walik aɛṛab i tmazɣa ɣ tasuta tiss 8, yamẓ ugʷmmay aɛṛab adɣar n igʷmmayn Alibu-maziɣ d Ulatin[10].
Ttwassannt snat tmzarayin nns: tagumḍant d tutrimt. Tkka tt inn tagmuḍant ar tettusmras ɣ mad igan ɣil ad Qusṭanṭina d tsga n Wawṛas ɣ Ddzayr d Tuns. Nttan a mi ifsi usntl uggar n tmzarayin yaḍn acku ufan t mnnawt tkkal ɣ umnid n usuɣl s Tbuniqt. Zɣ 1843, fsin imrzzutn asntl n 22 zɣ 24 n iskkiln. Tutrimt tga tamnzut uggarn, tṭṭf 13 n uskkil uggar, ig usayrar zɣ Lqbayl tatrart ar Tigzirin n ukanari adɣar g tt inn tkka tettusmras gis.
Ikka tt inn ugʷmmay Alibu-maziɣ iga abjad azddag (ur ar ittzmmim iɣritn). Tussda ur ar tettuzmmam. Ɣ umata, ar ittyura zɣ izddar s uflla, maccan ar nttafa zɣ ufasi s uẓlmaḍ d wiyyaḍ ula nttni[11].
Tifinaɣ n imuzaɣ[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agʷmmay Alibu-maziɣ ar ittyusmras ass ad s talɣa n Tfinaɣ ɣ tirra n tutlayin n imuzaɣ lli igan zɣ waragg amaziɣ n twja tafṛusyawit. Ttyufan issmrsn imzwura n ugʷmmay ad f kra n tẓuriwin n iẓaggn ɣ mmnaw imḍlan zun d win tgellidt tamazaɣt Tin Hinan[12].
Inna M.C.A. Mac Donald is gan imuzaɣ yan wamun amiwan ɣ iskar umsawaḍ amiwan d tmktit kullu tisɣanin lli tskar tiɣri d tirra ɣ wamun aggag... Tifinaɣ ar bahra ittusmras ɣ tsurarin d igraffitn d tuzinin gzzulnin."
Kra n tikkal, ittusmras ugʷmmay ɣ tirra n kra n tutlayin taddjaṛin zun d Tagdal lli igan zɣ twja yaḍn mi ism "Ṣungay".
Asnmarra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar tmmal twlaft ɣ uzlmaḍ mmnawt tlɣiwin n iskkiln. Mqqar tga tussda timlicant ur ar tettuzmmam ɣ Tfinaɣ. Iggut ma ɣ ar ittmun uskkil t, +, d uskkil nna t iḍfrn ifk anɣ asmsl (ligature).
Azmz azayku[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
| Afiniq | Rhvaf | Tifinaɣ n ccaq |
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Iskkiln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Wid ad igan iskkiln iqqbuṛn n tfinaɣ d tifinaɣ tatrart:
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| Tifinaɣ Tasilant (IRCAM)[13] | Tifinaɣ Tamiriwt (IRCAM)[14] | Iskkiln n tfinaɣ yaḍnin | Iskkilen itrarn n imuzaɣ |
unikud[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tetturna tfinaɣ g yunikud g Mars 2005, d wufuɣ n wis 4.1.
Afarra (bloc) n Tfinaɣ g yunikud iga t: U+2D30–U+2D7F.
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+2D3x | ⴰ | ⴱ | ⴲ | ⴳ | ⴴ | ⴵ | ⴶ | ⴷ | ⴸ | ⴹ | ⴺ | ⴻ | ⴼ | ⴽ | ⴾ | ⴿ |
| U+2D4x | ⵀ | ⵁ | ⵂ | ⵃ | ⵄ | ⵅ | ⵆ | ⵇ | ⵈ | ⵉ | ⵊ | ⵋ | ⵌ | ⵍ | ⵎ | ⵏ |
| U+2D5x | ⵐ | ⵑ | ⵒ | ⵓ | ⵔ | ⵕ | ⵖ | ⵗ | ⵘ | ⵙ | ⵚ | ⵛ | ⵜ | ⵝ | ⵞ | ⵟ |
| U+2D6x | ⵠ | ⵡ | ⵢ | ⵣ | ⵤ | ⵥ | ⵦ | ⵧ | ⵯ | |||||||
| U+2D7x | ⵰ | ⵿ |
Ẓṛ uggar[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Langue et littérature berbères par Salem Chaker, directeur du Centre de recherche berbère à l'INALCO.
- L'Ecriture amazighe Tifinaghe et Unicode, article paru dans la revue internationale "Etudes et Documents Berbères" vol. 22, 2004 : pp. 175-173, par Lahbib Zenkouar,
- Rapport d'activités du CEISIC (année 2005) par Lahbib Zenkouar, Professeur à l'Ecole Mohammadia d'Ingénieurs (EMI), Rabat (Maroc), Directeur du Centre des Etudes Informatiques, des Systèmes d'Information et de Communication (CEISIC) de l'Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe (IRCAM)(2002/2006).
- Hapax.qc.ca - Inventaire des oeils (liste Unicode)
- Mondeberbere.com - Tifinagh: l'alphabet berbère de A à Yaz
- Entretien avec M.Ammar Negadi, ex-membre de l'Académie berbère
- Kabyle.com - Entrevue avec Patrick Andries, expert Unicode, au sujet de l'« entrée du tifinagh dans la norme ISO »
- Site sur la culture amazigh, particulièrement la musique amazigh.
- ircam.ma - école amazighe- Site web éducatif, apprendre tifinagh.
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Interview met Karl-G. Prasse. Archived.
- ↑ Penchoen, Thomas G. (1973). Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir. Los Angeles: Undena Publications.
- ↑ Ameur, M., & Iazzi, E. (2006). Graphie et orthographe de l'amazighe. Rabat: Institut royal de la culture amazighe, Centre de l'aménagement linguistique.
- ↑ Penchoen (1973:3)
- ↑ O’Connor, Michael (1996). "The Berber scripts". In William Bright; Peter Daniels (eds.). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–116.
- ↑ D. Vance Smith. "Africa's ancient scripts counter European ideas of literacy". Aeon. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ M.C.A. MacDonald (2005). Elizabeth A. Slater, C.B. Mee and Piotr Bienkowski (ed.). Writing and Ancient Near East Society: Essays in Honor of Alan Millard. T.& T.Clark Ltd. p. 60. ISBN 9780567026910.
- ↑ Suleiman, Yasir (1996). Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa. Psychology Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-7007-0410-1.
- ↑ Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, p. 129
- ↑ Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, p. 129
- ↑ "Berber". Ancient Scripts. Archived from the original on 2017-08-26. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ↑ Briggs, L. Cabot (February 1957). "A Review of the Physical Anthropology of the Sahara and Its Prehistoric Implications". Man. 56: 20–23. doi:10.2307/2793877. JSTOR 2793877.
- ↑ "Polices et Claviers Unicode" (s tutlayt fr). IRCAM. http://www.ircam.ma/fr/index.php?soc=telec&rd=3.
- ↑ P. Andries, Proposition d'ajout de l'écriture tifinaghe. Organisation internationale de normalisation, Jeu universel des caractères codés sur octets (JUC). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 WG, vol.2, p.2739R, 2004.