Madrid
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| Yamu ɣ | Villa y corte  |
|---|---|
| Ism amaddud | Madrid |
| Ism ɣ tutlayt taẓuṛant | Madrid |
| Tamnẓawt | Urupa |
| Tamazirt | Ṣbanya |
| Tamaẓunt n | Ṣbanya, Communauté de Madrid |
| Tamaẓunt | Ville de Madrid |
| Asdɣr amssugur | Communauté de Madrid |
| Agmmaḍ akudan | UTC+01:00, UTC+02:00 |
| Baigné par | Manzanares, Arroyo Meaques |
| Ismlan ijɣrafiyn | 40°25′1″N 3°42′12″O |
| Poste occupé par le chef de l'exécutif | maire de Madrid |
| Chef ou cheffe de l'exécutif | José Luis Martínez-Almeida Navasqüés |
| Tanbaḍt tamzzgart | Government Board of the City of Madrid |
| Contient la localité | Ville de Madrid |
| Propriétaire de | stade de Vallecas, Caja Mágica |
| Office de tourisme | Plaza Mayor Tourist Information Centre, Centro de Turismo de Sol |
| Remplace | Chamartín de la Rosa, Canillas, Canillejas, Saint-Pierre-de-Caravenchel |
| Discipline dont c'est l'objet | histoire moderne |
| Code postal | 28001–28081 |
| Asit amaddud | https://www.madrid.es/ |
| Hashtag | Madrid |
| Acnyal | drapeau de Madrid |
| Blasonnement | blason de Madrid |
| Géographie | géographie de Madrid |
| Histoire | histoire de Madrid |
| Saint patron | Isidore le Laboureur, Notre Dame de la Almudena, Mariana de Jesús |
| Catégorie liée | Category:Madrid-related lists |
| Portail open data | Madrid Open data portal |
| Économie du sujet | économie de Madrid |
| Démographie du sujet | demographics of Madrid |
| Date de première mention écrite | 871 |
| Indicatif téléphonique local | 91 |
| Plaque d'immatriculation | M |
| Catégorie pour la vue de l'élément | Category:Views of Madrid |
| Catégorie pour cartes géographiques | Category:Maps of Madrid |
Madrid tga tamaẓunt d tɣrmt akkʷ da bahra itkarn s mddn ɣ Sbanya. Tiɣrmt ad gis ma ittggan 3.4 id mlyun n imzdaɣn, ar lkkmn man ur yaggugn i 7 mlyun ɣ usarag amiṭṛubulitan. Nttat ad igan tiɣrmt tis snat da tnt yugrn ɣ tamunt Turubit (TmTr). Arndsma n Madrid iɣʷi yan usarag n 604.3 km2. Tiɣrmt n Madrid tlla f wasif n Manzanares ɣ wammas n tgzirt taybirit ɣ 650 mitru nnig waman n ill. Tga tamaẓunt n Sbanya d tmnaḍt tagrummant n Madrid (sɣ 1983), tg tuẓẓumt n tsrtit d tdamsa d tdlsa n tmazirt. Tifiras n ungigt n Madrid nẓlint s yan unbdu irɣan d yat tagrst iṣmmiḍn.
Asgudi Amddin Uɣrim n Madrid (AsAmUɣM) iga wis sin ɣ GDP ɣ Tamunt Turubit, ula ila iḍiṣ nns ɣ tsrtit d usslmd d ufjjij d twnnaḍt d umidya d imuḍa d twssna d tdlsa d tẓuriwin. Ɣayad akkʷ a tt ittajjan ad tg yat ɣ tɣrmiwin mqqurnin n ddunit. S usnulfu nns adamsan d uswir yattuyn n tudrt d yan ugdz iflin, Madrid tga sul tuẓẓumt taẓṛfant tamqqurt d issl iẓẓimiẓn n tgzirt taybirit d win iffus n Urupa.
Aẓuṛ n ism
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]• Iẓuran n ism n Madrid ur wala ttyawssann. Llan kra n irimn f mad igan aẓur n ism ad n "Madrid" (kullu tnt illa gisnt kra n umukris ɣ ussfru n ugʷmmay n ism ad amzruyan):
1) Yan irim inna is d ikka takltiyt (Madrid < Magetoritum; s uẓur "-ritu" da isnamkn "azagar").
2) Sɣ taɛrabt *maǧrà* / majrā (isnamkn "ɣilli ɣ izray asif") niɣ d sɣ Tɛrabt: مجريط, *majrīṭ*, isnamkn "tala", "aɣbalu". Ɣwad iga ism amzwaru da illan ɣ warratn zdinin d udɣar ad.
3) Yan uẓuṛ amuzarab n tlatinit *matrix*, *matricis* (dɣ nttat tsnamk "ɣilli ɣ izray wasif").
Ismawn yaḍnin
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ḍfṛismawn n tɣrmt n Madrid s umagut gan tn *Los Madriles* d *El Foro* (isnamkn 'asgraw'). *La Villa y Corte* (isnamkn 'tiɣrmt d ibrgmmi') ar d issktay assmɣr da ittyawfkanin i tɣrmt ad.
Amzruy
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Adɣar ann n Madrid tatrart ittyawzdaɣ sɣ izmaz n ma izwurn amzruy, llan ɣinn isagurn n usdurri n ikltiyyn Karbataniyn d tgmma tirumaniyyin d yat tbzilikt Taqutit nnig aẓallu n Santa María de la Almudena, ilin kraḍ n ibrsmḍal iqutiyyn nnig Casa de Campo d Titwan d Vicálvaro.
Azmz anammas
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Arra amzwaru n umzruy da isawaln f udɣar ittrsln ɣ Madrid ikka d azmz n Imuslmn. Ɣ uzgn wis sin n tasut tis 9, agldun umawi Muḥammad Amzwaru ibna yan ugadir f yan udrar nnig i wasif n Manzanares. Ig yan ɣ igudar ggutnin da imuzr ugldun ad ad ttyawbnan ɣ iẓiki gr Andalus d tgldiwin n Lyun d Qctala, s uwttas n tarayt n Tulidu f wazzaɣn n imsiḥiyn, ula ad daɣ ig amdgar n tukya n Imuslmn. Lliɣ tbḍa lxlift n Qurtuba ɣ tzwiri n tasut tis 11, Madrid tkcm ɣ tgrumma n Ṭulidu.
Ɣ umnaḍ n lḥṛkt iflin n uṭuf n tgrumma n Tuliḍu da issntin ɣ 1079, Madrid tettyawzba ɣ 1083 s ufus n Alfonso wis sḍis n Lyun d Qctala, iwats ɣwad ad issmrs tiɣrmt zun d yan ida n tiffaɣ mgal Ṭuliḍu, da ittɣʷin ɣ 1085. Mad d ikkan mnid i uṭuf ad, imsiḥiyn zdɣn ammas n tɣrmt, imuslmn d wudayn mmattin s uzlag n tɣrmt, Madrid d yuckan tama n Ilcala (illan sul ddu tnbaḍt n imuslmn ar 1118), tɣama iza tga tamazirt n ugrakal ɣ yan wakud, tnnar kra n lḥṛkat ɣ uzmz n Imrabḍn, agadir nns ittyawrdal ɣ 1110.
Azmz atrar
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ɣ tgrawla n Qumunirus da igli Juan Lopez de Padilla, Madrid tkcm dɣ nttat mgal Tcarl, amnkud n Tmnuka Tarumant Tafuẓaṛt, is ka lliɣ tṛẓa ɣ imnɣi n Villalar, Madrid ittyuga as ufrag, sdurrin tt ilmma imknasn n umnkud. Waxxa dɣmkann tiɣrmt ad iɣama as izwl asmɣran n Kurunada (Isni) d Tumnkidt.
Uṭṭun n imzdaɣn n tɣrmt iɣli sɣ 4,060 ɣ usggʷas n 1530 ar 37,500 ɣ usggʷas n 1594. Imzdaɣn imqrutn n tnbaḍt ar tettili s imknasn iqburn, imzditn, imddukkal d Ruanes, ur mmurwin s tusra n utci d utwan n itaggn. Ɣ yunyu 1561 Filip wis sin isrs ibrgmmi nns ɣ Madrid, ig tt inn d ibrgmmi aqbur. S ɣmkad, tiɣrmt n Madrid turri d tga tuẓẓumt n tsrtit n tgldit, tg tamaẓunt n Sbanya aysilad yat tzizit gr 1601 d 1606 da ɣ tmatti tnbaḍt s Baladawid.
Filip wis smmus ibna gis Ibrgmmi agldan, tamguri tagldant n usutn d tkadimin tigldanin timzwura. Tanbaḍt n Kaṛluṣ wis kraḍ, da bahra ittyawssann s "unmɣur da tn akkʷ yufn ɣ Madrid", iga ɣakudann tuggas ad irar ɣ tɣrmt ad tga yat tmaẓunt idusn, s uzzray n trgʷa n waman d iswak d tifawin d ismḍal bṛṛa n tmdint d kra n idɣarn d twssna d tdlsa. Macc isnfal da d yiwi luzir nns Asisli mgalan disn middn ɣ 1766 ɣ mad ittyawssann s Imnɣi n Iskilac, yat tgrawla yutsn ad sittin yan umuṛṣum n ugdal n ussmrs n tarazal n iqburn d ixnifn s usggru ad krin tukkṛḍa ɣ ɣ ugns tɣrmt.
Imnɣi uɣrim wis sin
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Adustur n Sbanya n 1931 iga amzwaru da issutln f ussdɣr n tmaẓunt n tmazirt, tettyawbdar gis Madrid s unamk idusn. Ɣ isgasn n 1930, Madrid tfjjij s yan "umussu uddir"; tga yat tɣrmt tazdɣant tamaynut, tkcm as tɣrma s usskfl tg tuẓẓumt n umussutn isrtann imaynutn. Ɣ wakud ad, tuṣkiwin bahra mqqurnin ssntin d gis.
Madrid tga yat ɣ tmdinin da akkʷ bahra ttutnin ɣ Imnɣi uɣrim n Sbanya (1936-1939). Tga ansa ittyamaẓn ɣ ifassn Républicanos (Igdudaniyn) sɣ yulyuz 1936, tg yat tiẓṛi tamaḍlant n tmazzla mgal Afacizm ɣ imnɣi ad. Tiɣrmt tnnar acrcm aylalan, ɣ Nuwambir 1936, tḍr nn ɣ ifassn n Ifaciyn ɣ mars 1939.