Aller au contenu

Rumanya

Snfl isɣwan
Zɣ Wikipedia
Rumanya
awank ilan abaḍ, timizar
Yamu ɣEurope de l'Est, Union européenne, Espace économique européen Snfl
Asakud n ussrsl nɣ isllwi24 Innayr 1859 Snfl
Ism amaddudRomânia Snfl
Ism ɣ tutlayt taẓuṛantRomânia Snfl
Transcription APIɾuˈmɑːnɪɑ, rʊˈmɨnʲɪjə Snfl
Participant àSystème global de préférences commerciales entre pays en développement Snfl
Nommé(e) en référence àRome antique Snfl
Tutlayt tamaddutroumain Snfl
HymneDeșteaptă-te, române! Snfl
Cultureculture de la Roumanie Snfl
TamnẓawtUrupa Snfl
TamazirtRumanya Snfl
TamaẓuntBucarest Snfl
Agmmaḍ akudanAkud Amaḍlan Amzday (UTC+02:00) Snfl
Ismlan ijɣrafiyn46°0′0″N 25°0′0″E Snfl
Coordonnées du point le plus à l'est45°9′50″N 29°43′0″E Snfl
Coordonnées du point le plus au nord48°16′12″N 26°42′0″E Snfl
Coordonnées du point le plus au sud43°37′24″N 25°23′28″E Snfl
Coordonnées du point le plus à l'ouest46°7′18″N 20°15′42″E Snfl
Ida akkʷ yattuynMoldoveanu Snfl
Ida akkʷ izdrnmer Noire Snfl
Régime politiquerégime semi-présidentiel Snfl
Fonction occupée par le chef d'Étatprésident de la Roumanie Snfl
Ixf n uwankNicușor Dan Snfl
Poste occupé par le chef de l'exécutifPremier ministre de Roumanie Snfl
Chef ou cheffe de l'exécutifIlie Bolojan Snfl
A pour gouvernementgouvernement de la Roumanie Snfl
Tanbaḍt tamzzgartgouvernement de la Roumanie Snfl
Assemblée délibéranteParlement roumain Snfl
Lbank anammasbanque nationale de Roumanie Snfl
Adrimleu roumain Snfl
Idra iwtta dUkranya, Hungarya, Sirbya, Blɣariya, Muldavya Snfl
Conduite àAfasi Snfl
Prise électriqueEuroplug, Schuko Snfl
RemplacePrincipautés unies de Moldavie et de Valachie, République socialiste de Roumanie Snfl
Événement cléunification of Wallachia and Moldavia, guerre russo-turque de 1877-1878, Union de la Transylvanie avec la Roumanie, révolution roumaine de 1989, traité de Berlin Snfl
HashtagRomania Snfl
Domaine internet.ro Snfl
Acnyaldrapeau de la Roumanie Snfl
Blasonnementarmoiries de la Roumanie Snfl
Géographiegéographie de la Roumanie Snfl
Caractérisé parpays libre Snfl
Histoirehistoire de la Roumanie Snfl
Liste de biens patrimoniauxlist of historical monuments in Romania Snfl
Commune/aire urbaine la plus peupléeBucarest Snfl
Sens de circulation des trainsAfasi Snfl
Portail de données ouvertesData.Gov.Ro Snfl
Économie du sujetéconomie de la Roumanie Snfl
Démographie du sujetdémographie de la Roumanie Snfl
Code pays pour mobile226 Snfl
Indicatif téléphonique national+40 Snfl
Préfixe interurbain0 Snfl
Numéro d'appel d'urgence112 Snfl
Préfixe pays GS1594 Snfl
Plaque d'immatriculationRO Snfl
Chiffres d'identification maritimes264 Snfl
Caractère Unicode🇷🇴 Snfl
Catégorie pour la citoyenneté d'honneur de l'entitéCategory:Honorary citizens of Romania Snfl
Catégorie pour cartes géographiquesCategory:Maps of Romania Snfl
Carte

Ṛumanya (s tṛumanit: România) d yat tmurt illan dg ugmuḍ [en] d tuṛubt tanẓulant tagmuḍant [en].[1] tlla g ugafa n tamgzirt tablqant [en], ɣf ugzzum izdrn n asif n danub [en]. ssutln idrarn ikarbatn [en] i utaram n ṛumanya. tla ṛumanya yan uwttu ɣf ill abrkan [en].[2] amata n udilta n danub illa dg ugnsu n ṛumanya. tssar ṛumanya iwutta akd hungarya d ṣirbya g utaram, akd ukranya g ugafa agmuḍan yaggugn, akd tgduda n muldufa g ugafa agmuḍan yakmurn, akd blɣarya g unẓul.

iga ungraw n ṛumanya angraw azgn aslwayan [en] angraw anammas [en]. ittusnulfa ungraw ad lliɣ tmun muldufya d wallakya g 1859. tettufka as tsimant ɣ tamyaqqant n birlin 1878 [en]. g tgira n umnɣi amaḍlan wis sin, ikka kra sg wakal nns (tama n muldufa tatrart) illa ddaw usdurri n wamun asufyit. tumẓ ṛumanya tasimant nns, tddrfi zg ungraw anjmaw, ḍaṛat n tḍuri n walfaf n wuzzal g 1989. g tmrawt tamzwarut n tasut tis 21, tsnfl ṛumanya mnnawt tɣawsiwin, am usnm n ungraw adimuqraṭ, azzray ilugnn n izrafn n ufgan, d ilugnn n tlelli n wawal, d isnmn idmsann d win uzrf. ayad akkʷ ad yujjan ṛumanya ad tkcm ɣr wamun awṛubban ɣ 1 yanayr, 2007.

tga ṛumanya tis tẓat s tjumma n wakal, d tis sat s umḍan n imzdaɣn nns (s 19 id mlyun) gr iwunak igmamn n wamun awṛubban. tamdint n buxarist (s tṛumanit: București) ad igan tamaẓunt d tmdint akkʷ mqqurn g ṛumanya, ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 1.6 id mlyun. tudf ṛumanya ɣr nnaṭu dg 29 mars, 2004.[3]

Anaɣiz

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tusa d tguri n ṛumanya zɣ tguri taṛumanit Român nna d ikkan s yixf nns taguri talatint Romanus nna isnamkn "aṛuman".[4][5]

Amzruy

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

Tajyuɣraft

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tlla ṛumanya g tuṛubbt tanẓulant tagmuḍant, tili iwutta akd yill abrkan, d wasif n danub, ilin idrarn ukarbat g tuẓẓunt. tga ṛumanya tamurt tamqqrant akkʷ gr tmura n unzul agmuḍan n tuṛubt s umḍan n imzdaɣn. tla tajmmua yuwḍn 238,391 km²,[6] tg tis 12 g tjumma g tuṛubt. amata n uwttu gr ṛumanya akd siṛbya d bulɣarya iṛcm t wasif n danub. asif n danub ar ittmun d wasif n n frut, lli iṛcm dɣ nttan awttu gr muldufa d ṛumanya. inngi wasif n danub ar tsga n yill abrkan g ugns n ṛumanya, aya ad iskrn aylli mi ttinin adilta n danub. iga udlita ad yan yigmi n ubayusfir, ig ansa amaḍlan n umyanaw abyuluji. llan kra n isaffn mqqurnin yaḍnin g ṛumanya, ad tn igan d sirit, ult d muric. da ittazzal wasif n sirit sg ugafa ar anẓul n muldufa. da ittazzal wasif n ult zg idrarn ikarbatn ar uultinya. asif n murc ar ittazzal, izri, g transylfinya zg ugmmuḍ ar ataram.

Angigt

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

da ittnfal ungigt n ṛumanya gr ungigt ildudin d ungigt amnẓaw. tamntilt n infaln ad n ungigt iga t wansa n ṛumanya g tama n yill. anammas n trɣi g usggʷas iga t 11°C g unẓul n ṛumanya d 8°C g ugafa nns.[7]

kigan n unẓaṛ d udfl ad d iṭṭaṛn ɣf yidrarn utrimn akkʷ attuynin, ig umata aylli d iṭṭaṛn adfl. g igzzumn inẓulann n tmurt, da tettizdir tsmkta n unẓaṛ d udfl ar attayn n 60 cm.[8]

tiriɣi akkʷ izdrn nna ittuzmman g umzruy n ṛumanya tga tt 38.5°C dg bracuf g 1944.[9] tirɣi akkʷ yattuyn nna ittuzmman g umzruy nns tga tt 44.5°C g tama n kalafat g tmrawt n 1950.[9]

  • tiwlafin n kra n imuɣliyn zg ṛumanya

Amun

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

timnaḍin

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tid ayd igan timnaḍin n tgmi n ṛumanya:

  • agafa anẓulan
  • ataram
  • agafa utrim
  • ammas
  • anẓul agmuḍan
  • anẓul
  • buxarist-ilfub
  • anẓul utrim

Imzdaɣn

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
anaɣiz ittuḍkaḍn n imzdaɣn n ṛumanya, asggwas n 2011
anaɣiz imzdaɣn tigmiḍ
iṛumaniyn 16,463,000 82%
imajariyn 2,500,000 12.45%[10]
ijiṭann 620,000 3%
iwkṛann 300,000 1.5%[11]
ilimann 135,000 0.6%[12]
wiyyaḍ (irusiyyn, ibulandiyn, islufakn, ikrwatn, atg.) 50,000 0.2%
tamuttrt n imzdaɣn 20,068,000 100%
asrtu ittuḍkaḍn n imzdaɣn n ṛumanya, asggʷas n 2011
asrtu (Genre) tamuttrt tigmiḍi
irgazn Talɣa:Commas 49.28%
timṭṭutin Talɣa:Commas 50.72%
tamuttrt n imzdaɣn, asggʷas n 2011 Talɣa:Commas 100%[13]


tutlayt d tdlsa

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

taṛumanit ad igan tutlayt tamaddudt n ṛumanya. tga tutlayt ad yat tutlayt taṛumansit tagmuḍant.

Tṭṭaf ṛumanya tadlsa nns s tmntilt n udɣar g d tusa nna g ttmniggirnt kṛaḍt tmnaḍin: tuṛubt tanammast, tuṛubt tagmuḍant d ibalqann. tga tdlsa taṛumanit yan urkis n kṛaḍt ad.[14] izri f tdlsa nns iḍiṣ n iyunann iqburn [en], iṛumann iqburn [en] d islafn [en].[15]. ittussan unwal aṛumani s tiram tiblday zun d Mămăligă, lli igan yan wanaw n Polenta ittuskarn s uggʷrn n usngar, d Mici, lli igan yan wanaw n ṣṣuṣis[a], d Sarmale [en] d Chiftele lli igan yan anaw n twjjiwin n uksum. aksum n yilf d ufunas ad igan anawn n uksum bahra ittutcan g tmurt, ig Țuică tamssuyt n walkul bahra ittuswan.[16][17] tga ṛumanya yut tmurt tamasiḥit turtuduksit irṭṭln tigga tutrimin zun d akrismas[b] d ufaska[c], ilint dars tigga nns sis iẓlin zun d ass n tmuni amqqran nna isfuglun s tamunt n ṛumanya d transilfanya. yili daɣ Ie da igan ijj n ukustim abldi nna lssan mddn g wass n tmuni amqqran d wass n tmuni amẓyan (tigga g sfuglun mddn s tamuni n wallakya d muldufya).[18][19]

Asgd

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

Iga uwank aṛumani yan uwank alayki, isnamk maya is ur ili uwank kra n asgd n uwank. taglizt turtuduksit ad igan tarabbut tasgdant tamqqrant akkʷ g ṛumanya s 86,7% n imzdaɣn, tiḍfuṛ tt taktulikit taṛumant s 4.7%, tabrutistant s 3.7%, tasmmusant s 1.5, aykuzn (lislam) s 1%,[20] fadd ilmma takatulikit tayunant taṛumanit s 0.9%.[21]

Timdinin

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
  • tiwlafin zg kra n tmdinin tiṛumaniyin

buxarist ad igan tamaẓunt, tg tamdint tamqqrant akkʷ g ṛumanya s umḍan n imzdaɣn izrin 2 id mlyun.[22]

llant g ṛumanya smmust tmdinin yaḍnin nna mi izri umḍan n imzdaɣn 300,000. ad tnt igan d yaci, kluj-nafuka, timicwara, kunstata d krayufa. ilint daɣ smmust tmdinin yaḍn nna ɣ izdɣ uggar n 200,000: galati, brasuf, bluycti, brayli d uradya. kṛaḍ d mrawt tmdinin yaḍn lant uggar n 100,000 n umzdaɣ.[23]

Tadamsa

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tkcm ṛumanya s wamun n tṛubt g 1 innayr, 2007. g 2024, ilkm uyafu amsari n ugʷns (PIB) n ṛumanya attayn n 894 mlyar, ilkm umur n wuggid zɣ uyafu amsari n ugʷns $47,203.[24] s inawayn n ubank n umaḍal, tga ṛumanya yat tmazirt mmu tsidaf attuynin.[25] gr 2007 d 2022, irna umur n wuggid zɣ uyafu amsari n ugʷns s 44%, aya yujja ṛumanya ad tg yat zg tdamsiwin nna ittgmayn s tazzla g tuṛubt.[26]

Tamallayt

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tga ṛumanya yan tmurt s bahra ttddun imlallayn. uggar n 15,7 id mlyun imlallayn igʷnsann d ibṛṛann ad gis illan g 2018.

ittut bahra yigr ad n tmallayt s tmntilt n kufid-19 g 2020, tḍṛ tgmiḍi n imlallayn ibṛṛann s 68.7% g 2020, ur issnti yigr ar ittjji ar tuddma n 2022.[27]

tla ṛumanya timdinin iṭṭafn ayda adlsan axatar (sibyu [en], buxarist [en], kustantsa [en], brasuf [en], yaci [en], timicwara [en], kluj-nabuka [en], alba yulya [en], uradya [en]), iftasn, isrars tama n yill, isrars n sski d tsgiwin tifaranin mi ittyari ufulki d tzgut nnsnt. tg daɣ ṛumanya tanila n iḥjjajn isgdann, ar lkmmn wid mnnaw wafḍan ku asggʷas.[28][29]

Asgmi

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

g ṛumanya, mraw isggʷasn g tinml gan ucciln i ku azzan. ɣiyn wazzan mẓẓiynin ad ɣrin kra n isggʷasn n rrawḍ gr 3 d 6 isggʷasn. ḍaṛat n tinml, zmrn inlmadn, mk stin, ad zzrin irim n tinml yattuyn. llant g ṛumanya uggar n 40 tinml n usgmi yattuyn, gitsnt smust tsdawiyin d smmust tsdawiyin titiqniyin. tiɣri tga fabur g tmurt. tidrsiwin n tmurt ẓḍarn ad aqqrant s tutlayin nnsnt taymmatin. zɣ 1989, ittusnm ungraw n usgmi, maccan iẓḍay uzzugz n tsrtitin ɣf wakal, ilin imzarayn mqqurnin g uswir n usgmi g tmnaḍin n tmurt. da nn nttafa taɣara n usgmi g idɣarn iɣrmann attuyn f igdazaln nnsn g idɣarn ifarann.

Tanbaḍt

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tasrtit

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

ittuṣka udustur n ṛumanya ɣf tsila n udustur n tgduda tis smmust n fṛanṣa,[30] iffɣ d am uzrf g wass n 8 dujanbir, 1991 ḍaṛat n yat tsfrut.[30] tturnan 73 isnamn i udustur g ktubr n 2003 ḥma ad yili g umsasa d udustur n tamunt n tuṛubt.

tettussan tnbaḍt tuzrift taṛumanit s yism n ubṛlaman. llan gis sin isqqimn, win imɣarn g llan 140 igmamn, d win imaran g llan 346 igmamn.[30] ar ttwstayn igmamn n isqqimn ad s sin kraygat kkuẓ isggʷasn s yimis n tglamin n imullitn.[30]

tẓli tnbaḍt tazrfant n ṛumanya xf tnbaḍin yaḍnin. tasnbḍayt yattuyn n tṛẓi d tzraft lli igan tasnbḍayt tanafllat n ṛumanya. tisnbḍayin n walas, tin tkumtit [fr] d tsnbḍayin tidɣranin amunt akkʷ g tnbaḍt tuzrift n tnbaḍt taṛumanit. iḍfar ungraw n tsnbḍayin g ṛumanya taɣarast n tin fṛanṣa g uswuri nns.[30][31]

Tiṭṭitin

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tbḍa ṛumanya ɣf 41 tikumtiyin, tamu gitsnt tgrawt taɣrmant n buxarist lli daɣ igan takumtit s yixf nns. tbḍu daɣ ṛumanya xf 319 tmdinin d 2,686 tgrawin.[32] ku yat sg tgrawin illa ɣurs usqqim nna ɣf ibdd yan unssixf.

Tasrdast

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]

tbḍa tsrdast taṛumanit xf kṛaḍ igzman, taggalin n wakal, tin waḍu d tin yill, kullu tnt llant ddu tnara n yan unbbaḍ yattuyn. tamawast n umzaɣ da takka anaḍn i unbbaḍ yattuyn. g uzmz n umnɣi, anssixf n uwank ad ittilin tanara n tsrdast. 90,000 ad tt inn ikkan g tsrdast taṛumanit g 2003: 15,000 gan uɣrimn d 75,000 n iɛskriyn. zg 75,000 n iɛskriyn, 45,800 llan g taggalin n wakal, 13,250 g tin waḍu, lin 6,800 g taggalin n yill, d 8,800 g idɣarn yaḍn g tsrdast.[33]

Tinẓi

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
  1. ↑ s tnglizt: Sausages
  2. ↑ s tnglizt: Christmas
  3. ↑ s tnglizt: Easter

Tisaɣulin

[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
  1. ↑ "Europe :: Romania - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. 2007-06-12. Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  2. ↑ "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Official Raport".
  3. ↑ "Romanian officials mark 20 years of NATO membership". Romania Insider (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ). 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2025-09-23.
  4. ↑ Kelley L. Ross (2003). "Decadence, Rome and Romania, the Emperors Who Weren't, and Other Reflections on Roman History". The Proceedings of the Friesian School. Retrieved 2008-01-13. Note: The Vlach Connection
  5. ↑ Wolff, Robert Lee (January 1948). "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". Speculum (A Journal of Mediaeval Studies). 23 (1): 1–34. doi:10.2307/2853672. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2853672. S2CID 162802725.
  6. ↑ "ROMANIA, SERBIA". Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  7. ↑ "Romania: Climate". U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
  8. ↑ Talɣa:In langThe 2004 Yearbook (PDF), Romanian National Institute of Statistics, retrieved 2008-08-19
  9. ↑ a et b "Climate of Romania". Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  10. ↑ "ETHNIC STRUCTURE". Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  11. ↑ "The Ukrainians: Engaging the 'Eastern Diaspora'". By Andrew Wilson. (1999). In Charles King, Neil Melvin (Eds.) Nations Abroad. Wesview Press, pp. 103-132. ISBN 0-8133-3738-0
  12. ↑ "Political relations". Auswärtiges Amt. Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2009-09-07.Archived
  13. ↑ Moldovan, Tudor (18 February 2006). "The Pension System in Romania". EUROPEAN PAPERS ON THE NEW WELFARE. Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 26 January 2012.
  14. ↑ "Romania - Culture". Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2007-12-31. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
  15. ↑ "Sicilian Peoples: The Romans". Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  16. ↑ "Medicover".
  17. ↑ "Bucataria romaneasca | EURAXESS". www.euraxess.gov.ro (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ). Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  18. ↑ "Cum s-a făcut Marea Unire pe 1 Decembrie 1918, ziua unui vis împlinit. Discursurile din Sala Unirii". Știrile ProTV (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ). Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  19. ↑ "Ia nationala: istoria iei, ziua iei, tipurile de ie, materiale din care este confectionata, mituri – Blog – IE Nationala" (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ). Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  20. ↑ "Romanian Muslims Cancel Grand Mosque Project". 18 July 2018.
  21. ↑ "2002 Census Reports - CSO - Central Statistics Office". www.cso.ie (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ). Retrieved 2025-09-26.
  22. ↑ "Preliminary Data for 2011 census" (PDF) (in Romanian). INSSE. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2012.
  23. ↑ Population in Romania (s tutlayt Romanian), Romanian National Institute of Statistics, 1 July 2007, ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 11 February 2008, retrieved 13 February 2008{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ). Retrieved 2025-09-26.
  25. ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2025-09-26.
  26. ↑ "GDP per capita in PPS". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2025-09-26.
  27. ↑ "Cum a afectat pandemia turismul românesc: Sosirile vizitatorilor străini au scăzut în iunie cu 68,7% faţă de iunie 2019". Ziarul Financiar.
  28. ↑ Giușcă, Mădălina (23 May 2020). "Religious tourism and pilgrimage at Prislop Monastery, Romania: motivations, faith and perceptions" (PDF). Human Geographies – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography. 14 (1): 149–167. doi:10.5719/hgeo.2020.141.9. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  29. ↑ Ionel, Marian (2020). "Implications of Religious Tourism on the Romanian Tourist Market" (PDF). Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series. 20 (2). Ovidius University of Constanța: 362–367. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  30. ↑ a b c d et e Romania. Vol. 2 (48 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. 2007. pp. 3734–3759. ISBN 9781857434125.
  31. ↑ "Romanian Legal system". CIA Factbook. 2000. Ittwarcifa zɣ aẓuṛan ɣ 2008-01-25.
  32. ↑ "Administrative Organisation of Romanian Territory, on December 31, 2005" (PDF) (s tutlayt ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ). Romanian National Institute of Statistics. Chapter 1.8. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
  33. ↑ "Press conference" (Press release). Ministry of National Defense of Romania. 2003-01-21. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
Yurrid zɣ "https://shi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumanya&oldid=77426"