Tazrart n Tbṛayyimin
Tazrart tga yan wanaw n tdyazt niɣ amarg n tmaziɣt igan azayku kigan, illan g tmnaḍt n ayt bṛayyim d tsggʷin n yiffus s umata, tga tzrart yan wanaw n tdyazt ittilin s umsawal ngr irgazn d tmɣarin[1]. Tettwassn tzrart is tga tin wawal ur ar dids ttmunn imassn n uẓawan. ar ssntaynt tiwan n tzrart sg yat tiwnt, ilint snat tiwan nttnti ad bahra iggutn, yili ig tga tzrart uggar n kṛaḍt tiwan ar d tzri smmust tiwan, mac drusnt bahra tid. Tazrart tlla f mnnaw isntal, mac idrus aylli aɣ d gisn ilkmn, g tzrart akkʷ, acku tga anaw inɣuban, sul ur illin ass ad, tiwi d tikni sg tismmumrawin n tasut izrin. s uyad iqqan d ad nsskn is d aswuttu n tugt n tguriwin d irmmusn izdin d tdyazt, isul ira assdru d urzzu kigan ɣ tmnaḍin akkʷ ur d ɣas g ayt bṛayyim… arzzu g yigr ad isul ar ittctutul.[2]
Tazrart, ism nns ar aɣ immal is tga yan wanaw izdin d tnaɣa zwar fadd s tguri. sg tfras nns agṛḍ iẓiln, s uyann ur da tettall tazrart amr tamarirt ilan agṛḍ ifulkin, ig sg tmitar n umurs n tmarirt, ayann a f nn nttafa timaririn ittwassnn ɣ ayt bṛayyim tid ilan agṛḍ. Amyassa n tzrart d ugṛḍ d tnaɣa yujja ist zik ad kkatnt takrrayt afad tazrart ad tt allnt snat tmaririn ilan yan ugṛḍ nna imnawayn, inmalan afad ad tili tzrart yan ufulki d yat tdusi mqqurn, f tdusi ann d ufulki drus drus iɣ tt tull yat tmarirt slaɣ nttat. tazrart ilan tanaɣa idusn iffaln iḍiṣ g wulawn, tsmuss ignsiwn, yujja tt ad tg tadyazt n tfugliwin d tmɣriwin, tg awd tin imnɣan d tnzbayt s tugt, ayann a f ttilint tmaririn ɣ udras amzwaru g yimnɣi ar ttallnt tizrarin, ar rnnunt tuksi i inzbayn d imnayn. Tazrart n tmɣarin ur tmmẓli f tin irgazn s umya, aynna ur igin tanaɣa nns tnfl s yimikk dar irgazn d udɣar g tettunna acku dar irgazn tga tin usays s tugt.[3]
Ismawn tla tzrart ɣ ayt bṛayyim[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tla tzrart mnnaw ismawn yaḍnin, zun d: tawawayt, ttiyt... tazrart tga ism aqbur inɣuban sul ur nttafa ass ad, ɣas dar kra n twssarin, ism ad ikka d aẓaṛ anamyag “zrir” ilan anamk n “klu”, ɣ d ffɣnt tguriwin “azrur”, “tazrurt”... izdin d ku ma ad iẓiln, ig afa n ufulki. mklli illa wassaɣ yaḍnin “tawawayt” d ikkan tanaɣa n yat tstna s ssntaynt tiwnt n tzrart, sggrunt tt sis, ism ad ula ntta inɣuba ɣilad. ism n “ttiyt” ntta ad d sul yagurn ar ittunna s tugt, mqqar ur ifaw uẓaṛ nns mani d ikka.
Tazrart n tnzbayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Adraw n ayt bṛayyim g tnzbayt d tmlilt nnsn g imnɣan d yibddi nnsn g wudm n tmharsiwin akkʷ tẓṛa tmnaḍt ad. ayad yujja tadyazt n tnzbayt ad tbɣr s tugt, gnt tmɣarin acamuc nns acku tugt n tzrarin ittunnan f imnɣan ad, skrnt tnt tmɣarin, timaririn ittilin g udras amzwaru n udfrir, ar ttallnt tizrarin afad ad sḍṛnt tawda g usngu, rnunt tuksi i udfrir n twsit nnsnt.
Tizrarin illan f Tin Igalfn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga Yimnɣi n tin igalfn yan yimnɣi bahra ittwabdirn mgal n tmharsa g tmazirt n Lmɣrib, imsar ass n 07 innayr 1917, imsasan d 26 dujanbir 2866 n usggʷas amaziɣ.Yusi umtwiy ad ism n tin igalfn acku isar g yan udɣar yaẓn i usun n igalfn iḍfaṛn i tqbilt n Id Busksu igan yat sg tqbilin n twsit n Ayt Bṛayyim, adɣar ann ass ad ila assaɣ n agʷni n ḥayda, acku ɣinn a ɣ ittwanɣa ḥayda u mmays lbaca n trudant, bbin gis ixf nns, ittṛẓ gis udfrir afṛanṣiṣ gar tiṛẓi f ufus n inzbayn n twsatin n waṭlaṣ amẓẓyan utrim, ayad yujja imnɣi ad, ad ig yan sg imnɣan mqqurnin mgal n umddurruy afṛanṣiṣ g tmnaḍin n yiffus n tmazirt nnɣ s umata.[4]
Llant tugt n tzrarin nnant tmaririn f yimnɣi ad, waxxa idrus kigan aylli aɣ d gisnt ilkmn, tugt nnsnt yafuḍ, idda, imun d id lal nns. acku ur illi unsay n uzmmem n wanaw ad n tdlsa dar imzdaɣn ayad izrin, tili tdrsi n imrzutn asn d iggʷran ar ass ad.
Ngr tzrarin yusin taswrt xf umtwiy ad, ad d nbdr kra n imdyatn ittwannan f yils n tmaririn tibṛayyimin:
● Tin igalfn, a baba, tettyara, tettrs ukan,
● Ɣ lkiɛḍ (n) ljdid ur ta ikkin afus.
● Is n ḥayda rar ljam, maqql ma ad tiwit!
● Agayyu n babak iga tirmt i yifis.
● Arraw (n) ubṛayyim ad ak tn kullu fasrɣ,
● Ar nqqan, ar ssigisn aylliɣ ṛmin;
● Icca wuccn, icca ugaywar, icca yifis,
● Icca bumḥmd lli jju ur iccin lmayyit.
● Is n ḥayda, iwrri d a(d) nn tawit aytmak!
● Ur tn inn akkʷ yiwi babak, tirit tn kyyin!
● Aylli nn yiwi babak ka a(d) nn, a wa, tiwit.
● Ɛyyad iɣli d ɣ tizi ur iqqin idukan,
● Ula ddayra (n) ljdid ucfud ad tn yiwin.
● Is n ḥayda, rar ljam ma a(d) nn, a wa, tiwit!
● Aylli nn yiwi babak, ka a(d) nn awa tiwit!
● Agayyu n babak, izikr a(d)ɣ ukan llan.
● Agayyu ns iggi n targant a(d)ɣ ukan ugln!
● Yan iḥaḍṛn i tawdiwin ns ɣ uzilal,
● Ur ra(d) iɛwwl a(d) nn ig izikr a(d) yaru aɛyyal!
Tizrarin illan f Tin Tizi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Dat n ukccum usmid n tmharsa s wakal n ayt bṛayyim d win twsatin as issutln, isar zwar imnɣi n tizi, mu tsmar tmharsa tafṛanṣiṣt kra mu tzmr n tdusi (d infḍn, taylalin…), s uyad ufan nn inzbayn ixfawn nnsn ur d ɣlin i zun d anaw ad n imrign… aylli tn yujjan ad ttṛẓn g imnɣi ad isarn g 23 d 24 bṛayṛ 1934.
Tnna yat tmarirt g uglam nns i waddad g ddrn ayt bṛayyim, akud d ikcm umddurruy afṛanṣiṣ:
● Lbari tɛala ka ad anɣ ur irin lmut,
● Imma lanfaḍ ihuzza tn uṛumi fllaɣ.
Tini tmarirt yaḍnin f tdusi n yimnɣi ad:
● ṛṣan lanfaḍ ɣ tizi, ilint tmatarin.
● Ammas nd hmmu baha a(d)ɣ a(r) nn iṭṭaṛ lkʷṛṛ.
● A tin tizi, a baba, tettyara, tettrs ukan,
● Ɣ lkiɛḍ (n) ljdid ur ta ikkin afus.
Tizrarin illan f Tin Laṛjam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Imnɣi n laṛjam niɣ tin laṛjam isar attayn n 1918, iẓẓa gis lqayd agʷntaf f inzbayn afad ad ig usun n laṛjam ddaw wufus nns d id bunu lli bdda igan tanḍafin n id busksu f tgʷnsa d tdli, yucka d f ilsawn n middn is d anzbay ṭṭahṛ u ɛumaṛ illa g yat g tanḍafin n id bunu, yiẓḍiṛ ad inɣ g lmḥllt n ugntaf ma ad iggutn “aylli gisn igru iggut”, mac ẓḍaṛn isrdasn n ugntaf ad lkmn ddaw tanḍaft g illa, tagara ma ad zzigzn f udis afad ad tn ur yanni, nɣint ilmma, ssrɣn takat g tanḍafin, xlun id bunu ɣd ntta.
innra ugntaf g yimnɣi ad, yawi tugt n inzbayn s uɣzu n tznit. ar yat tizi iṛẓm asn d llig yad gisn immut ma ad iggutn. inbḍ ilmma ugntaf afad ad ittxlu laṛjam, asin sis ayt tgʷnsa (tugt nnsn) aglzim, xlunt. ayann a f ittwassn imnɣi ad dar imzdaɣn s lxli n laṛjam.
tizrarin ittunnan xf tin laṛjam drusnt kigan amr:
● Tin laṛjam, a baba, tettyara, tettrs ukan,
● Ɣ lkiɛḍ (n) ljdid ur ta ikkin afus.
g tulɣa nns i urgaz nns iḥya nd ḥmad anzbay idrun g yimnɣi ad, tusi tmɣart nns ɛica n glga d illis ẓẓhṛa iḥya tazrart nnant as:
● Iḥya u iḥya iskr daɣ tasa s lbaṛuḍ,
● Ittu tarwa, ittu daɣ willi t urunin.
Tazrart n tulɣa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
tulɣa tga yan usntl illan s udɣar nns g tzrart ini d akkʷ tulɣa n imɣarn d inmɣurn niɣ ifrxan n tmazirt, ɣ tmɣra tlla tulɣa n yisli d tslit s tugt. ad d nbdr imɣarn n tdli inbḍn, arin tanbaḍt nnsn tasut s tayyaḍ, ɣ yan uzmz iggutn uggar n imɣarn yaḍnin ɣ ayt bṛayyim. Ɣ yat tzrart ɣ tfcd yat tmarirt ccix lḥusayn amɣar, talɣ gis ccix mummu yumẓn tummɣra f gʷmas, tnna yat tmarirt:
● A ccix lḥusayn ad t a ṛbbi tṛḥmt.
● Amar inqbn ɣ lmdint unckk n wayyur,
● I ccix lḥusayn d is t ur icci wakal.
● A ccix lḥusayn ad t a ṛbbi tṛḥmt
● Igi t inn dar nnabi, yari t i ssiwal.
● Lkuṛṣi nm, a tagldit, ma ad t iwalan?
● Ccix mummu ka s daɣ nnan iwala t.
Ɣ tulɣa nns i ccix mḥmd, tnna yat tmarirt:
● A tigaywarin ad ittsiyaḥn ɣ yiḍ,
● Ad tnnamt i ccix mḥmd a xuya ɛafak.
Ɣ tulɣa d usmɣr nns i unzbay iḥya u ḥmad tnna yat tmarirt:
● Iwa a iḥya u ḥmad iɣ k ukan ur iwin,
● Iṛumin, aynna dark iwin nfṛṛu t;
● Ad daɣ nskr tamuzunt i yan, nfṛṛu t.
F tgṛẓawt n waddad lli ddrn, tlla yat tzrart ittalɣn kra n imɣarn tt nn ikkan ttwassnn s tirrugza d tiɣit:
● Amar k id issuggan a iḥya umɣar,
● D umɣar buhyya d lkaml ɣ uzilal,
● Ad daɣ nḥyu tagizult imma, a wa, tmmut.
Tazrart n tɣzut[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ayyis ila atig amqqran ɣr imaziɣn, ayann ad d yiwin allig imun yan ugudi iggutn n tussna isdan xf wayyis d ufulki nns d tmlilt nns g imnɣan d ufulki n trikin nns, ar llig iga wayyis azamul n wafulki d uzamul n tmɣart. taɣzut niɣ azlag tla yan waddur mqqurn ɣ ayt bṛayyim, ilint imnayn ɣd nttni. Tazrart n iysan ar tettgga tin usbrrk s twsatin d tulɣa n imnayn. ad naf kra n imdyatn xf wayyis am:
● Bayyi ḥjab llah, a lxayl ma ad tusit!
● Ɛada ukan a ɛada ukan a tirikin.
● Iɣ izrrz ugllid iysan swa tn nit,
● Iɣ ukin s ubaraz ibayn ilmma lxyar.
● Lɛin aqdim aɣ a(r) d isswa yan ayyis nns,
● Imma talɛinin mẓẓinin, qqurnt akkʷ.
● Azaɣar bu ttnzzih, a lmakan (n) iysan.
iklli ttallnt tmaririn tizrarin n usbrrk s imnayn n twsatin idrun ɣ tɣzut, inint:
● Arraw (n) ubṛayyim iwa brrk, a xuya, tuṣlt,
● Asarag winnun, azur ɣ uflla winnun.
Tazrart n tmɣra[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tazrart tdrus g tmɣra ar tettili ɣas g uɣaras, ini d akkʷ id mm n wukris acku tazrart tzdi d bṛṛa d udɣar ibaran, tazrart n tmɣra tga ula tin usbrrk d tulɣa n yisli d tslit. Iɣ ffɣnt s wukris[5] iknna nn gant aḍaṛ ad zzigiznt ar ttinint:
● Ida bismi nbda daɣ s lfal iḥnnan,
● A(d) kullu iḥnnu ma ad anɣ issutln amin.
iɣ nn lkmnt imi n tgmmi n tslit ar ttinint kigan n tzrarin, ula dar yisli, zun d:
● A aẓnkʷḍ a bu tmggṛḍt ma a(d) k awa yurun?
● Ma ad ak yakka babak, ma s a(r) k issmɣur?
● Ur illi abla lḥlib n tṛamin nɣ atay.
● I ṛbbi a iysan lli drknin, ttasinin,
● Ad tasim i yisli zzin, asiɣ as lmal.
● Arraw (n) ubṛayyim a brrk, a xuya, tuṣlt,
● Asarag winnun, azur ɣ uflla winnun.
● Ayyis umlil, ssɛd umlil amin amin,
● Amin ad d yawi ssɛd ns i ku yan lxir.
● Arraw (n) ubṛayyim a ggawr ukan a anir,
● Ad ak nqqn i tyyuga, nkru ak axmmas,
● Ng ak nn sul amud ad tṛaḥat a anir.
● Ayt bṛayyim a ljwad, a inirn ma ad tufam!
● Ila wayda nnun lbṛkt ula awal nnun.
Tazrart n uɣaras[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Llant kigan n tzrarin ittunnan ɣ uɣaras dar twuri ɣ iga uzdam, tuga, tamgra... niɣ inmuggarn d tmɣriwin, zun d imdyatn ad:
● A(d) iyi k ig mulana d umlil a aɣaras,
● A(d )gis nzri, izri daɣ yan aɣ iwalan.
● Alliɛawn iga t ṛbbi ɣ tama n uɣaras,
● Iṛumin iɣ mmaggarn ad t ur ittinin.
● Amar iɣlin ar iggi n waḥrra, yanni nn
● Illis (n) u bihi, a baba, iɣ a(r) tettara lucam,
● Zu(n) d tizzwit, a baba, iɣ a(r) tettara tammnt.
Timntal n unɣubu n tzrart[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tugt n tzrarin nɣubant ur aɣ d gisnt ilkim amr imikk idrusn, acku anaw ad yiwi d tikni sg tsmmumrawin ar tagara n titẓamrawin n tasut lli inɣubu s yat tkklt. ayad yiwi t id unyuddu n tzawitin d tinmal n uqqran g ayt bṛayyim nna issgdln irir d umarg f tmɣarin ajj nn akkʷ ad rksn irgazn d tmɣarin. sg twjiwin ad yusin asgd, ad d nbdr tawja n id sidi ɛumaṛ d twja n id sidi msɛud immnɣan d uḥwayc d tmyurin yutn s iẓuṛan g wakal n ayt bṛayyim, gin tnt d tmyurin ur imnawayn d tinslmt. sidi ḥmad u msɛud iga yan sg inbdadn isnyaddan tazawit n idrqawin g ayt bṛayyim, ar izzray g udrar n tizi ar ittẓi d tmɣarin ig ullnt tazrart. ayad akkʷ iga sg tmntal yujjan taẓuṛi izdin d tmɣart s umata ad d tawi tikni (aḥwayc n tiddi, tazrart…).
S usgzl, tazrart tnɣuba s mnnawt tmntal ɣ gan waggagn d tzawitin inyaddan ɣ ayt bṛayyim, acku tanaɣa n tzrart ar nn tlddi anlli, tsrgugi taswin, ar tettawi s uylli issgdl usgd. Acku inna tkkit tsllt i tzrart, ɣ udrar iɣ ar zddmnt tmɣarin; ɣ uzaɣar iɣ ddant s tuga, tayssa, tamgra... d iɣ kkant aɣaras, ukan tga anaw n ku ass d ku tizi.
ilin isragn yaḍnin zun d akccum n tmharsa tafṛanṣiṣt d urdal nns tuskiwin tinamunin d tdlsanin… d ukccum n tudrt tamaynut d wanaf n tmnaḍt n ayt bṛayyim d wadas nns i tɣrmt n tznit, d fllas ifln iḍiṣ ɣ ma ad izdin d twuri n tmɣart, ɣ inɣuba uzddum d tuga... ɣ nɣubant tmldiwin d idɣarn g tettunna tzrart.
Tisuɣal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ https://www.tarbikafa.com/2013/11/blog-post_6891.html
- ↑ Lfaqir, ṭṭayyib; "Tanggift n tbṛayyimin: tamyadast tamatayt n tlɣiwin d trira", Arzzu n umastr, asggʷas n 2019.
- ↑ Lfaqir, ṭṭayyib. (2017) : [anawn n tmdyazt tasdnant g ayt bṛayyim : tazrart d wurar], g irzzutn xf tutlayt d tussna tamaziɣt, s yibddi n ɛbdlɛali talmnṣuṛ d lḥasan anḍḍam, tasdawit ibn ẓuhṛ, tiẓṛigin: card, ayt mllul.
- ↑ Imnɣi n Tin Igalfn
- ↑ كيكر، عبدالله (2015)، قبيلة أيت براييم تاريخ وتراث، مطابع الرباط نت، الرباط.