Tazwwaqt (taẓuṛi n ukccuḍ)

tazwwaqt niɣdd zzwaq ( tawalt ad tucka d zɣ tutlayt tamaziɣt) immatti wassaɣ s iklli ig taguri g tutlayin yaḍn zun d tutlayt tanglizit: tzouaqt, iga zɣ tẓuṛi n lmɣrib lli d ifl umzruy lli izdin s tniḍi, tg tẓuṛi ad tamatart s iẓli uẓkka amɣribi. izdi wanaw ad n tẓuṛi d unuɣn n ukccuḍ d ikʷlan imsasan inmalan ngrasn. zɣ tɣrmin lli ittawssann s tzwwaqt zund fas d mṛṛakc d cfcawn, tiniḍi n ukccuḍ ur a ttkmmal ar d tili zzwaq nns sis iliqn. tg tẓuṛi ad n tzwwaqt tad ilan addur tg tamatart g uẓkka amɣribi d tɣrma nns zɣ umzruy lli nn bahra yaggugn ar ɣilad sul tga udm n uẓkka n tɣrma tamɣribit.^[1]

anawn n tzwwaqt

udm n tzwwaqt g lmɣrib akkʷ iṭṭf kigan n wanawn lli, tlla g idassn n izwwaqn anawn n tzwwaqt tad mmi gan unuɣn nns tinzgatin ilin t awd tid mmi gan tijjigin. izwwaqn ad ssnn tuntulin n tniḍi ad ‘’lḥsba’’ d ‘’lqsma’’, lli igan ilgamn n wanaw anzgan lli illan ddaw n taggayt g tẓuṛi n tzwwaqt ilan assaɣ n ‘’tṣṭiṛ’’^[2]. kra ɣ zzwaq iṭṭf ɣas amamk anzgan waha. macc kra iga tt taɣarast ɣ wanaw ad iṭṭf tatiknit nns, zud akkʷ maṛṛa n tatiknit n iṣṭṭaṛn imddasn^[3]. tumẓ ‘’ lḥsba’’ d ‘’lqsma’’ kra n tɣarasin tinzgatin iẓlin s ufus n uzwwaq amɣribi waha^[4]. tiɣarasin ad tinzgatin ur llint ɣar g tzwwaqt waha, llant awd g tniḍi tazaykut yaḍn tamzruyt: akccuḍ, lgabṣ, aẓṛu(taḥjjaṛt), rrxam iṛcmn, d uzaɣur ittɣzan niɣ wad iṛcmn, d zllij, d kigan…^[5]

amamk n tzwwaqt ar t ttasin izwwaqn zg wanaw n udlas lli ran ad t zwwqn, asin fllas anaw n tnzgit lli dis imsasan, taɣarast ad tẓli, ar tt skarn izwwaqn s usiḍn n tsna d umiḍan.^[6]

amamk n wanawn inzgatn

tiɣarasin n ṛṛcum n unuɣn n tzwwaqt llant tid irxan ilint tid immrin icqqan, akud nna iggut imiḍan n umamk ar g wanaw ar ittgga anaw lli immrin icqqan. kra ɣ wanawn ad inzgatn la anaw n talɣa n ignwan^[7], itran mqqurn g tuẓẓumt mmi ssutln itran mẓẓiynin yaḍn, iṭṭf kra igatt anaw ism nns niɣ assaɣ nns s uṭṭunn n itran d umsasa n itran ad g tzwwaqt, ig wacku niɣ bugjdi (tuẓẓumt) s wassaɣ (tannaɛuṛt)^[8]. amdya: iɣ tla titrit mqquṛn n tuẓẓumt 16 n tiwẓa ilint tid mẓẓiyn lli as issutln 8 n tiwẓa, anaw n umamk ad ar ttinin ‘asṭacṛi blmtmmn’ anamk ‘titrit mmu16 bu ttamt tetratin’.

amamk n wanaw n amjjig

(tturg) anamk nns igat mas ila talɣa n ifr n waddag ‘lwrg’, d (ttcjiṛ) iga unuɣn ilan talɣa n taddagt. anawn ad n tzwwaqt kigan maɣ bdda mmrwasn imsasa umamk nns, azgn n tzwwaqt immrwas d gʷmas dis ingabaln, zund iɣ imnad udm n tissit.^[9]

assaɣn n wanawn imjjign

ismawn n wanawn n tzwwaqt tamjjigt, gan assaɣn izdin d tuga d ijjign:

tturg: ‘lwrga’ ifr n tadagt, anaw irwasn ɣ unuɣn ifrawn n waddagn.

ttcjiṛ: ‘شجرة’ anaw n tzwwaqt ilan talɣa n taddagt.

lɛrq: aẓuṛ s ddarija tamɣribit ‘jjdr’

lqrunfl: iwid wanaw ad assaɣ nns zɣ ujjig n lqrunfl.

ssusan: iwid wanaw ad assaɣ nns zɣ ujjig d tuga n rriḥan.

isgra n iɣʷmma n tqwwaqt

iɣʷmma d tmttiwin n uzday

zɣ ɣad izrin iɣʷmma n tzwwaqt gan takka n izuɣar, lli immrwin s uzday n tniḍi n ilm, iɣʷmma ad d uzday ad ar rqqan s takat f iggi n lmjmmṛ. ili maɣ as lqqmn awd awraɣ n tglay.^[10]

iɣʷmma ad ur mmrwasn ɣ tɣrmin n lmɣrib, kra igatt tamdint d iɣʷmma nns sis iẓlin d tmttiwin lli zɣ ittawskar. ɣ kra igatt tiɣrmt ar ittgga lmɛllm n tniḍi ad iɣʷmma lli ittawskarn zɣ tmttiwin lli illan g tɣrmt nns, niɣ tasgiwin nns.

timttiwin:

1 - taḍut n izammarn inwan allig tga irgicn, immrwin d uzday n tniḍi n ilm.

2 - ssnṣaṛ, (iga umlil irwas lgabṣ).

3 - azzgza anili, ‘nila’ .

4 - lqrqqum awraɣ.

5 - lḥnna immrwin d takka n ifrkkcn n ṛṛmman.

6 - takka n ififl azggʷaɣ.

7 - ifrawn n ṛṛmman.

8 - takka n lxcxac ‘ lɛkkaṛ lfasi’ immrwin d ifrkkcn n ṛṛmman.

9 - azday n tniḍi n ilm ar sis zdayn timttiwin.

10 - lkbritat n wanas ‘tuzzalt tazzgzat’.

ar skarn aɣʷmma ilan aklu azggʷaɣ lli illan g ufasi n tawlaft, zɣ takka n ififl azggʷaɣ immrwin d ifrawn n ṛṛmman d takka n lxcxac, d ifrkkcn iqquṛn n ṛṛmman.

Pigments et liants de l'art de Tazouqt marocain

timttiwin ad ar tnt ẓẓaḍn kkʷmn tnt s lmhraz d tfrdut, ig mayan taɣarast tazaykut tamzruyt n mayan.

gan izwwaqn assaɣ sisn iẓlin i ikʷlan, kigan n ismawn kra igatt aklu iṭṭf assaɣ nns, amdya: ‘qlb lbnana’ anamk nns ‘ul n talbanant’ ackku iṭṭf aklu n uwraɣ ifssusn zun d win lbanan, d ‘zzraq llil’ anamk nns ‘azzgza n iḍ’ lli igan aklu azzgza bahra iḍlan. macc aklu lliɣ rwin sin ikʷlan, ila ism , ‘msx’ anamk n irka niɣ aklu ur igi yan.^[11]

imassn n tẓuṛi n tzwwaqt

ccita d tzuni n ṛṛcum

ccita n wazzar n uɣyul^[12]

tifrkiwin n usgadda n ccita n wazzar n uɣyul
tifrkiwin n usgadda n ccita n wazzar n uɣyul

tazuni n ṛṛcum

tazuni n ṛṛcum tga adlas lli ira uzwwaq ad t iṛcm izwqqt, mqqar iga aẓkka( iflu, ccṛjm (asrẓm), ifiruzn…) niɣ kra n twwuri tanaẓuṛt mẓẓiyn am(tiduba, imsggiwrn, tissatin, asugar…) ar skarn amamk n ṛṛcm amzwaru g tnfult iqquṛn, ukan gbun kksn illi ɣ ur tlli tẓuṛi s tuzlin, tg tnfult ann iqquṛn (talbunt- قالب).

tifrkiwin n tzwwaqt

tatiknit n zzwaq tla ilugn d wanawn nns ṭṭfn tiɣarasin n twwuri iẓlin lli ssnn ‘lmaɛllmin’ izwwaqn, macc afalki n tẓuṛi n tzwwaqt iɣama nn g ufus n lmaɛllm lli yurmn taẓuṛi, ig bab n tazzult, ili uẓilal ngr kra igatt tawwuri n tzwwaqt zɣ ufus s wayyaḍ. amdya: ig llan sin izwwaqn g ddaw n yat tzuni n twwuri rad tẓḍṛt ad tbḍut ngr twwuri n uzwwaq ann d wis sin.^[13]

bab n ukccuḍ ar isgadda akccuḍ ibbit s igʷzman s tɣarast n umamk lli ran, ifk t i izwwaqn ḥma ad gis swwurin awd nttni, s tɣarast nnsn izrin f kṛaḍt tfrkiwin:

asiggz n wanaw

asiggz n wanaw f udlas lli ɣʷman is izwar s yan uklu, kigan maɣa ittgga uklu ann azggʷaɣ iḍlan. tizi ann ar d ittasi lmaɛllmn tzwwaqt yat tummist n ijwayn yuman s lgabṣ umlil.

(ṭṭṛiḥ)

s kigan n ikʷlan d iɣʷmma, d ccita tazaykut, ar ssigizn anaw n tzwwaqt lli illan g tnfult iqquṛn g tzult n ṛṛcm (adlas), ar ɣʷmman ikḥlan g udɣar g ur ilin lgabṣ, d ufus ifssusn tffuɣ trgagayt, itrs ufus yusin ccita f tdiklt n ufus wis sin.

asfalki

akud nna bahra izwa uɣʷmma, ur sul tra twwuri takka lgabṣ, ar t ṣṣfaḍn s ujway ibdign s waman. asin d ccita mmi isdid ixf ar sis gllin ṛṛcm n wanaw ann n tzwwaqt d uklu umlil d usggan.

tadala igguran

ar ttggan aẓɣuṛ n zzit n lkttan i tzwwaqt ḥma ad ittsufu udm nns g tagara iɣ zwan unuɣn n iɣʷman.

Msmun awal

Msmun awal n SGSM : Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)

isaɣuln

↑ André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.
↑ Brigitte Hintzen-Bohlen (2000). Andalusia : art & architecture (بالانجليزية). Könemann.
↑ Indiana university. Mathematical association of America. Mathematical association of (1894-). The American mathematical monthly : official journal of the Mathematical association of America. Mathematical association of America. OCLC 1277036382. مؤرشف من الأصل في 31 أكتوبر 2021.
↑ Aboufadil، Youssef؛ Thalal، Abdelmalek؛ Raghni، My Ahmed El Idrissi (15 نوفمبر 2013). "Symmetry groups of Moroccan geometric woodwork patterns". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 46 (6): 1834–1841. doi:10.1107/s0021889813027726. ISSN 0021-8898. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-26.
↑ Touri, ‘Abdelaziz, Benaboud, Mhammad, Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma, Lakhdar, Kamal, Mezzine, Mohamed (2000). Le Maroc andalou: à la découverte d'un art de vivre (بالفرنسية). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.
↑ Abdullahi، Yahya؛ Embi، Mohamed Rashid Bin (2013-06). "Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns". Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2 (2): 243–251. doi:10.1016/j.foar.2013.03.002. ISSN 2095-2635. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-07.
↑ Stewart, Ian, f. (2001). What shape is a snowflake?. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4794-4. OCLC 473693295. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-01-11.
↑ السايب، خالد (1964-....) (2016). كتاب التنوير وديوان التحبير في فن التسطير. [د.ن.]،. ISBN 978-9954-37-649-2. OCLC 1049203054. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-09.
↑ André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.
↑ André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.
↑ André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.
↑ Jean-Marc Castréra, (1996). ARABESQUES : ART DECORATIF AU MAROC (بالفرنسية). باريس: ACR édition internationale.
↑ Jean-Marc Castréra, (1996). ARABESQUES : ART DECORATIF AU MAROC (بالفرنسية). باريس: ACR édition internationale.

Isaɣuln

[1] André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.

[2] Brigitte Hintzen-Bohlen (2000). Andalusia : art & architecture (بالانجليزية). Könemann.

[3] Indiana university. Mathematical association of America. Mathematical association of (1894-). The American mathematical monthly : official journal of the Mathematical association of America. Mathematical association of America. OCLC 1277036382. مؤرشف من الأصل في 31 أكتوبر 2021.

[4] Aboufadil، Youssef؛ Thalal، Abdelmalek؛ Raghni، My Ahmed El Idrissi (15 نوفمبر 2013). "Symmetry groups of Moroccan geometric woodwork patterns". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 46 (6): 1834–1841. doi:10.1107/s0021889813027726. ISSN 0021-8898. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-26.

[5] Touri, ‘Abdelaziz, Benaboud, Mhammad, Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma, Lakhdar, Kamal, Mezzine, Mohamed (2000). Le Maroc andalou: à la découverte d'un art de vivre (بالفرنسية). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.

[6] Abdullahi، Yahya؛ Embi، Mohamed Rashid Bin (2013-06). "Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns". Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2 (2): 243–251. doi:10.1016/j.foar.2013.03.002. ISSN 2095-2635. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-07.

[7] Stewart, Ian, f. (2001). What shape is a snowflake?. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4794-4. OCLC 473693295. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-01-11.

[8] السايب، خالد (1964-....) (2016). كتاب التنوير وديوان التحبير في فن التسطير. [د.ن.]،. ISBN 978-9954-37-649-2. OCLC 1049203054. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-09.

[9] André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.

[10] André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.

[11] André Paccard (1981). Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture (بالفرنسية). atelier 74.

[12] Jean-Marc Castréra, (1996). ARABESQUES : ART DECORATIF AU MAROC (بالفرنسية). باريس: ACR édition internationale.

[13] Jean-Marc Castréra, (1996). ARABESQUES : ART DECORATIF AU MAROC (بالفرنسية). باريس: ACR édition internationale.

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