Turart n Carra
turart n carra nɣ tagura, Iɣ ncnubbc ɣ tussna tamaziɣt ar gis nttafa kigan n watig, d tifras n tɣrma tamaziɣt tazaykut awd tamaynut, naf nn iskkinn sul iran kigan n irzzutn, ḥma ad naf timatarin n inzitn gis iḥban, nfsi awd mythe lli gis irʷksn lli gis glin imzwura. fkan imrzutn i tussna tamaziɣt kigan, ssmɣrn atig i kigan n iskkinn, macc ɣaman sul iskkinn yaḍn urta asn ifki yan azrf nns ɣ urzzu, ur tn inn yuggi yan, d kigan n tmnaḍin ur sis nt irur yan taɣḍft ḥma ad ẓṛn tussna nnsnt sul intln. arzzu ɣ tussna tamaziɣt mqqar ur iẓḍaṛ ad d issiwrri timyurin lli inɣuban, macc iẓḍaṛ ad tnt yara ig tnt d tinfulin d tiwlafin ilan addur akswat, ḥma ad afn tarwa n imal tikttayin n umzruy nnsn n tussna lli izrin, afad ad afn imrzutn awd nitni mad aqqran d mad fssin d man tt akʷzn g ufgan amaziɣ d tussna nns d tutlayt nns ɣ ugafa n tfriqt akkʷ. arratn awd tiwlafin gnt tinfulin niɣ gant tiliktṛunin, rad ɣamant gant ayda n tfganit kkʷ, ḥma a iddr ɣ umaḍal nns, ɣ uzmz ɣ tssfal tussna imnɣi d tayyaḍ. ad ur ttun kul mad asn igan akttay n tlalit nnsn d umzruy nnsn ig udm n tmagit nnsn, ad t aran skrn as adɣar ngr timyurin nnsn.
Gan urarn imaziɣn zɣ wayda ur ilin s urɣ atig, lli aɣ d flan imzwura ṛcmn aswingm zwarn nnɣ ɣ twada zwarn nnɣ, ig mayan tamagit nnɣ sar nttu. urarn ad izaykutn iqqan d ad sis rarn imrzutn taɣḍft uggar, ḥma a nisin iẓuṛan n tmagit nnɣ zɣ gisn, nfsi inzitn disn imunn, awd timatarin lli ḥban, d man aklu n tudrt tamaziɣt fkan ɣ umzruy.
Kigan n urarn, kkan tt inn imaziɣn ar sisn tt urarn, ɣ wakud n usunfu nnsn, d ussan n tffugliwin nnsn d tfaskiwin nnsn, d inmuggarn nnsn, gn urarn ad a illi ismunan iduṛan d tqblinin ɣ usuyas d imnuggarn.
Zɣ ngr urarn ad a nkti turartt n (carra) lli bahra illan ɣ tmyurin n imaziɣn akkʷ mani g llan, g tmurt n lmṛṛuk awd timizar n tmazɣa yaḍnin.
Turartt n carra tṭṭaf kigan n ismawn, ɣ kra iga tt tamazirt man assaɣ gis tla, iɣ ndda s tanila n trudant d taliwin d tznaxt, naf tt inn tla ism n (tagura), tili ism n carra niɣ cirra g tmizar n sus d idrarn n ida utanan d iḥaḥan d tmura n udrar n drn, d tmizar n tsga n mṛṛakc, g tɣrmtt n tunfit illan ɣ iwutta ngr adrar n waṭlaṣ mqquṛn d udrar n waṭlas mẓẓiyn, ar ttinin i carra assaɣ n (amsisi). ggutn wassaɣn n turartt ad zɣ tamzirt ar tayyaḍ, macc turartt tɣama tga yat s iklli tt.
turart n carra / tagura / amsisi / lmkcaḥ / taquṛact / tuqliɛt
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]llant sul kigan n tmizar g tmazɣa ar sul gis tt urarn imaziɣn turart n tagura lli asn d fln imzwura tg tamyurt ɣ ussan n tussna nnsn. waxxa zrin kigan n isggʷasn d tasutin, imaziɣn n libya d lmṛṛuk d dzayr awd itargin n tnzruft ar ukan sul sis tt urarn gn as ism n tagura d wassaɣn yaḍn.
Tffaɣ d tguri ad n tagura zɣ uẓuṛ n taguṛayt / taguṛact lli d iffɣn zɣ tawaltt n ‘akuṛay ’, ili ma itt inin i turart ad n carra, hakurt niɣ takurt. d iẓḍaṛ ad d ikk wassaɣ ad taguri n ‘aguṛa’ lli igan g tutlayt tagriqit asays niɣ amsul, ig ism n turartt ad tagura d lliɣ iga wannar nns asays niɣ tamsult n udwwaṛ.
Turart n tagura, tga lhuki amaziɣ, macc tagura niɣ carra tzwar lhuki s kigan n tasutin is tlla, tg turart tamaziɣt tazaykut bahra.
Maṛṛa n tmizar n lmṛṛuk ar nn gis n tt afa turart ad, mqqar tla kigan n ismawn. tga turart lli ismunn ngr tiddas d ikuṛayn (ijallacn) d urar immimn. ar t turarn middn ɣ tizi n (tika) d ussan n imnuggarn d ussan n tfaska, ar nn tt munn middn ɣ usarag niɣdd asays, bddnt tmɣarin d irgazn d warraw mẓẓiyn d iwssarn gn agdud i imurarn lli ra yurar carra. imurar ar tt ggan iɛrrimn idusn, iẓḍaṛn i tiddas n turart, ura tt ajjan middn wid amumnin d willi ur iẓḍaṛn d inɛḍab ad urarn turart ad. ar tt inin middn ɣ tizi n carra ɣ tmazirt n ilbnsirn taɣiwant n tmzgadiwin : ‘ carra tga lmaqadir i yan tt nit iran.’
Ɣ ilbnsirn d iḥaḥan d ida utanan d ayt udrar n drn ar tt ggan imurar n carra iḥudriyn irgazn, macc llant tmizar lliɣ a tt gga trabbut n imurar n carra snat trubba, tarabbut n iɛrrimn ɣ mnid n trabbut n tfrax. ig wakud n turart ad g maṛṛa timizar dar tazzwit (allas) ɣ imir n tfsut d imir n tgrst.
Ɣ tmazirt n tznaxt mqquṛn, ar tt urarn middn ‘tagura’ s snat trubba, irgazn d tmɣarin niɣ iɛrrimn d tḥudriyin, ar tt munn middn ɣ tẓẓumt n udwwaṛ ɣ yan udɣar ar as tt inin (asarag), sbddn iẓṛan skrn gis (lguṛ), asin ikuṛayn ar kkatn tawjja, tarabbut tkkis tt i tayyaḍ, ar sis ttɣawaln lguṛ ḥma ad nn ssun timsswit.
Iɣ nrant trbatin irgazn, iqqan d f irgazn ad skrn taffugla ssnun tiram, ɣrn i trbatin lli tn inran, d iɣ nran iɛrrimn tiḥcmay, ar fllasn tt inin amdyaz ɣ illa uzawar ḥuwcn sis ɣ usays.
Iklli nbdr ɣ umzwaru turart n taguṛa tla ism n carra ɣ iḥaḥan d ilbnsirn d ida utanan d tmizar yaḍnin tnt iwalan.
Ɣ ilbnsirn turart ad n tagura ar as tt inin carra / cirra / acarra, lli igan g ils n tmazirt ad aqqa n briru n issgna, ar gis tt urarn s awjja niɣ tawjja.
imassn illan g urar n carra / tagura
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ikuṛayn: lan assaɣ g turart n carra ‘aɣrif’, ar tt ggan ijallacn idusn, ittubbayn zɣ taddagin n wargan niɣ lluz niɣ asɣar n wangarf, niɣ addag n tasaft d uẓuka, ar as ttsutuln icddadn zɣ dar ufus ḥma ad afn imurar manik s tt amẓn akuṛay ad tn ur ibrri iɣ a sis kkatn tawjja. akuṛay ad ila ixf imnuḍan iklli tga tkuṛayt n turart n lgulf.
Tawjja: takurt, ar smunan imurar kigan n icddadn d ifalan d taḍut n izammarn smann tt krrsn tt bahra ad asn ur tassi, tg tawjja n urar, mad kkatn s ijallacn / ikuṛayn.
Aynin: snat tẓṛatin, gant (lguṛ) yan g tsga n wannar, yan yaḍn ɣ tsga tis snat n wannar. ar itt ili xf waynin yan umurar iga s ism amḍuf.
Tanut: yat tgʷḍayt ar tt ili ɣ tuẓẓumt n wannar (asays) ar tt amẓ ɣ wakal 20 n tsuntimin, ar nn gis tt luḥn imurar tawjja. tg tanut tad izwarn is tlla ɣ carra urta skrn middn aynin (lguṛ). ilin t tmizar zund ilbnsirn ur a skarn aynin i carra, tili tanut tga adɣar n tmsswit.
Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas illa yan ubṭṭu ngr tagura d turart n carra, ɣ turart n tagura ar nn gis nttafa aynin (lguṛ) lli s tt awin imurar tawjja ssun inn tamsswit.
Naf nn ɣ carra nttat ur gis aynin, tlla gis tanut ar sis tt awin imurar tawjja luḥn tt inn gis ig mayan tamsswit.
tallast n urar n carra
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Carra tga turart n trubba, ar tt turarn iɛrrimn g isuyas n iduṛan, ar kkatn tawjja s ikuṛayn bac ad s tt inn luḥn ɣ tanut, ar tt ggan iɛrrimn ngr kṛaḍ i trabbut ar sa, ku tarabbut tmmaɣ ad tkkat tawjja ad nn tssu timsswit nns ɣ tanut. d iɣ nn tkcm tawjja agʷns n uwcku ur ad zɣ gis tffuɣ ar d nn tssu trabbut lli s tt ickcmn tamsswit g tanut, tmmaɣ trabbut tis snat ad as tt tssufɣ i awcku ad as tnɣ timsswit nns.
urar bahra igan azayku n carra
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ar tt munan imurar, ku yan gisn yasi akuṛay nns ɣ ufus, kra iga tt yan gisn yili g udɣar nns ɣ wannar. iɣ ira urar a issfal, yan zɣ imurar ar itt mun d tawjja iḥada asṭṭaṛ ad s tt isslkm i tanut, macc wiyyaḍ lluzzan g tuẓẓumt n wannar, ar nn ssakʷayn ikuṛayn nnsn ad ggrn i tawjja. issfal urar tili tawjja ɣ awcku icqqu f imurar ad as sslkmn ikuṛayn nnsn, acku wanna mi iqqd bab n tawjja s ukuṛay nns, ra iḍuf tawjja tawala nns, amḍuf n tawjja immaɣ a isslkm tcamma i tanut, d wiyyaḍ mmaɣn ad as tt ssakʷin s tuẓẓumt n wannar ad as taggug tanut. ɣ gr imurar ad illa unfray ar itt kka gratsn, ar ismbḍu grasn, iml asn izgaln lli salan.
Ɣ turart ad tazaykut tga tawjja taymmat iqqand f iwis ad s tt isslkm i tanut baca ad gis tsu tnɣ fad nns. ɣinn ad d ikka wassaɣ n tmsswit ili g tunnunt akkʷ ɣ tussna tamaziɣt.
kra n urarn izaykutn yaḍn lli s ar tturarn imaziɣn
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ilbitn
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ar itt urar wazzan amaziɣ, s walbitn, ig wakud imir n tgrst d imir n tfsut, tg turart ad n ilbitn turart t tdrun wazzann gratsn. ar tt ggan walbitn tawjjawin bahra imẓẓiyn igan tin zzaj iṭṭfn ikʷlan.
Iɣ ar tturarn wazzann albitn ar tn ssakʷayn s iḍuḍan, iḍfaṛ umurar talbitin n imddukkʷal nns, ar tnt ikkat s talbit nns, ar d ilkm tanut lliɣ ann tluḥn albitn, ig mayan tarnnawt nns, yasi talbitin n imddukkʷal nns.
Kra n ttwal ar skarn wazzann amḥizwar gratsn, asin d albitn nnsn gntn ɣ yat tsutlt ɣ wakal ar tt inn kkatn s walbitn yaḍnin, wanna yutn albitn ann uggar n 25 ttwal, nttan a ittrnnawn tasutlt ann n walbitn.
Iɣ skrn wazzann amḥizwar s ilbitn nnsn ar nn fllas tt munn wiyyaḍ ar tn tt mnidn, drun tumrt n turart ann, drun awd ussan n tmẓiyt nnsn s turart n ilbitn.
Kra iga tt asga d kra iga tt tamazirt tẓli tɣarast lli s tt urarn wazzann ilbitn, ili mani ɣ mmrwasnt tɣarasin.
Azṛbuṭ
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tga taṭṭṛumbit turart lli urarn middn lliɣ mẓẓiyn, ar tt munn wazzann fllas zzrin sis akud immimn iɣudan, drun tiddukkla d tumrt gratsn. ig wakud n turart ad imir n tgrst.
Taṭṭṛumbit tga yat tgzzumt n ukccuḍ tlla s kigan n ikʷlan, tili ixf n uzzal ɣ ddaw as, ar fllas tmlilliy iɣ t trs f wakal. ar fllas isbṛṛam uḥnjar ifili, issakʷi tt s wakal, ildi zɣ gis ifili tḍṛ s wakal ar tbṛṛam. wanna mi iɣama uzṛbuṭ nns ar ittbṛṛam akud ggutn ɣ wakal, nttan a irnan f imddukkʷal nns.
Kurura / buṛd igiz
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Iga zɣ urar n tunnunt lli tt urarn middn imaziɣn, kurara tla kigan n ismawn, yat zɣ gisn buṛd igiz lli as tt inin ayt tmazirt n ilbnsirn tanila n imi n tanut.
Tettawssan bahra turart ad ɣ umaḍal mas tga turart n imaziɣn n tnzruft ( itargin - iẓnagn), tkcm d turart ad timyurin n imaziɣn n lḥuz n mṛṛakc, g uzmz n tgldit n imṛabṭin. ar gis tt urarn irgazn iḥudriyn, ar tt munn gn tirubba.
Ar tt urarn middn buṛd igiz s snat trubba, ar tt urarnt 6 n tusdadin n wakud, kra iga tt tarabbut tili gis 6 n imurar, ganin irgazn dusnin n tqbilt, ig wannar n turart ad tamlalt niɣ iga wad ɣ imɣi wafar, ḥma iɣ iḍṛ kra n umurar s wakal ad ur ibri ula ittyagas, annar tlla gis 2 n mitru. ili yan urgaz ar as tt inin (lmqddm), nttan a ibṭṭun ngrasn iɣ tkmml tizi, d ar asn immal izgaln lli tskr ku trabbut. ig urar n kurara, taɣnnant itt ilin ngr irgazn, ar tt amẓn sin ifassn, yan zɣ trabbut izwarn d yan zɣ tis snat, turart ur gis tiyit s iḍaṛn ur gis tiyiti s ifassn. ar tt mḥadan sin gn inn tiddas nnsn wanna yusin wayyaḍ s ignna ad as ur isli akal iftu sis s bṛṛa n kurara (tasutlt) issiwrrit id iklli f t yusi s ugnsu n kurara, iluḥt s wakal, icbbr gis ad as ur immatti azgn n tusdadt, wanna iẓḍaṛn a iskr ɣikan i wayyaḍ nttan a irnan yawi tasmɣuṛt ig argaz ɣ uḥizwar ann, issmɣṛ s trabbut nns.
Taqjdawt
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tga turart lli sa tt urarn ifrax s trubba, ɣ umzwaru iɣ rad ssfaln turart ar tt munn ifrax, skrn takccuḍt gratsn, ldin s tkccuḍt walli ra iqqn alln nns ɣ umzwaru, iḥbu alln nns s iɣʷmmir nns irar nn udm nns s tsga n kra n uɣʷrab niɣ agjja n taddagt, ar iffrn uṭṭunn zɣ yan ar mraw. tizi ann lli iffrn uṭṭunn ar siggiln wiyyaḍ mani ɣ tt rkʷasn, ig walli gisn irnan turart, walli d iffɣn iddu inqqṛ taqjdawt lli isrs walli iqqnn tiṭṭawin ɣ udɣar lliɣ tt inn ikka ibdd, isawl inna : taqjdawt..taqjdawt , ḥma ad as islla bab n tqjdawt mas tt ilkm. iqqand walli yutn taqjdawt ad t ur iẓṛ bab n tqjdawt, ukan walli kullu gisn iggʷran ur ilkm taqjdawt iẓṛt bab n tqjdawt ɣ illi ɣ irkʷs, nttan a itt qqnn alln nns iwala taqjdawt, allsn wazzann i urar.
Taqjdawt iga tt sin iẓṛan itrsn yan iggi yan ɣ udɣar ɣ iqqn bab n tqjdawt alln, wanna tn inqqrn ur t iẓṛi bab n tqjdawt irna turart.
Hitt
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tga turart tamaziɣt lliɣ ur llin imassn, ttawssan g tmazirt n ilbnsirn, ig wakud nns ɣ usggʷas imir n tfsut, tg tizi nns g wass (allas) n wass.
Turart ad ar tt tturarn ifrax awd tifrxin, ɣ tuẓẓumt n udwwaṛ (asarag - asays ), ar qqazn ifrax yat tanut gis ɣ turrut 20 n tsuntimin, gn inn takccuḍt gratsn wanna rad nn gis ig aḍaṛ.
Wanna d tusi tkccuḍt gratsn, iftu isrs yan uḍaṛ g tanut, ig urar, ad d zɣ gis ur issufɣ aḍaṛ nns ar d nn ildi kra n yan ig t ɣ udɣar nns tawala nns, imddukkʷal nns ar tin kkatn s ifassn, d nttan ar ittɣawal ad gisn iggr i kra yan gisn s ufus, immaɣ a ur iffɣ uḍaṛ nns tanut, ig urar, wanna d dars ihwan ad t yut s ufus, iɣ iggr i kra n yan gisn s ufus ibdd as ɣ tanut tawala nns.
Krmɛuc / krrmaɛu
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Turart tga tin irgazn ɣ kra n tmnaḍin, tg awd tin tmɣarin d irgazn ɣ tmizar d asgiwn yaḍnin.
Ɣ tmazirt n ilbnsirn, ar tt munnt trbatin d iɛrrimn ɣ usays n udwwaṛ, gn snat trubba, asin izikr iɣzzifn iḍnin, ṛcmn asṭṭaṛ ɣ wakal, kra iga tt tarabbut tamẓ izikr zɣ ixf nns ar lddin, tarabbut tldi tayyaḍ, tarabbut nna ildin tayyaḍ ar d tzri asṭṭaṛ nttat a itt ggan tad iwin tasmɣuṛt.
Ɣ tmazirt n ilbnsirn, ar tt urarn middn s turart ad ɣ dar wallas n wass n ixf n usggʷas amaziɣ ( ass n yiḍ n innayr).
Isaɣuln
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]- مقال لمحمد أزروال, الألعاب الأمازيغية, بتونفيت, نشر في خنيفرة 2014.
- كوكرا, في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية, لمحمد أوسوس.
- شهادات حية لكبار السن (العائلة), حول بعض الألعاب بمنطقة دمسيرة.