Riynard Abaɣuɣ
Riynard Abaɣuɣ iga yan uḍṛis asklan n taddminin tihulanḍiyn d tngliziyin d tfransisin d talmanin sɣ umiyn n uzmz anammas. Iẓuṛan imzwura n uḍris ad ar d ttiwrin s uzgn wis sin n tasut tis 12. Anaw ad ikka tt inn ittyawslla bahra ɣ uzmz anammas amaṭul, ula ɣ uzmz atrar azayku.
Umiyn ad sawaln f Reynard, yan ubaɣuɣ azggʷaɣ, igan amɣar n tqillaf. Timsksalin nns ar bahra sawalnt f manmk a s ittknad imudar yaḍnin bac ad yawi ṣaḥa nns, niɣ d manmk a s ittanf i gar umudn nnsn. Amkkaṛaḍ nns imqqurn d tgmriwt nns iga t ɛmmis Isngrim (nɣd Ysengrim) wa igan yan wuccn.
Mqqar imaṭl uwrik n Riynard ad d infalal, imil umiyn ann nns lli akkʷ nyafnin hati ttyaran akkʷ ɣ uzmz anammas s ifassn n mnnaw imaratn. Umiyn ad ttyawẓṛan zun d yan usgnit niɣ d yat tisit n uzmz anammas s umiyn n tayri d win tsrtit d tmdyazin n tirudnt, ula d tirudnt n trsal tisrtanin d tisgdanin.[1] Abaɣuɣ aqrran, Riynard, iddr ɣ yan wamun n imudar yaḍnin da ẓḍaṛnin ad sawaln ɣmklli isawal ufgan, zun d izm, abubbaz, uccn, aɣyul, d wiyyaḍ, dɣayad ad ittajjan umiyn ad ad gint yat tḍaluṣt n imudar.[2]
Ismattayn imzwura ar d ttaḍun s tfransist taqburt, yili ɣilad tasuɣlt s tutlayin ggutnin. Macc, umiyn n Rynard kkan d ma t naḥya ɣ tmizar n Urubba, ukan kra iga t yan illa s iṣlaḍ ẓlinin s tmizar nns.[3] Umiyn ad, sɣ aynna ka ad gan, ttyawsmrasn ad ssmnidn amun nna ɣ mɣan, cckcmn ula talɣiwin n wamun ad da asn ittsutuln, zun d ma izrayn ɣ ibrgmma n inmɣurn. Mqqar imaran ulsn i umiyn ad ɣmknna ka ran ɣ iḍṛiṣn nnsn, ur d kullu tn bdrn kra n tirudnt ixʷcn, ula ttyaran s gar awttas.
Iwrikn
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Imudar ɣ umiyn ad gan imudar lsanin ilbaḍ n ufgan. Ismawn nnsn uckan d nit sɣ tajimanit taqburt; taggat nnsn ttyawsmrasn ɣmklli d ismawn n mddn ɣ Llurin n uzmz anammas. Iwrikn n Riynard Abaɣuɣ ttyawbnan f usnay anamun n uzmz anammas, salan tn wama afgan f tɣzi n umiyn. Macc, sɣ lliɣ ggutn ɣwilli uranin aḍriṣ ad, tamagit n iwrikn tẓḍar ad tnfl. Ukan ɣ taddminin ad, iwrikn ar ttmattayn gr ufgan d imudar.[4] Iwrikn nna nflnin gr ufgan d umudr ar bahra ttggan tifrni n wamun, ɣwilli ur nflnin gan tn itrrasn d imɣad.
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Amaka n tikkal, wida aqqranin ẓḍarn ad afn iguyya nnsn lfɣn i Riynard. Acku ar ttafan addadn ɣ ar ittili ubaɣuɣ ur wala mgalan d win tudrt nnsn, d mayad ar nit izray tasut f tasut.[5] D ussmrs anmyur n imudar ɣ iwrikn ɣ umiyn ig ɣaylli ittajjan taddminin lli ggarnin i irfsan n tuẓẓumt ad ttyawssann s yat tɣarast irxan.[6]
- Riynard Abaɣuɣ. Ism ad n Riynard ikka d Reginhard, Raginohardus lli igan "kra n yan igan tifrɣi n waḍu niɣ d iga awzzan". Acku timdiwin n Riynard ttyawssnnt bahra, riynard tga awal afransis aqbur i "abaɣuɣ"da issnfln awal aqbur afransis i "ubaɣuɣ" da igan goupil lli d yuckan sɣ talatinit vulpēcula. Acku Riynard ittyara bahra sfllas f yan wuṭṭun iggutn n izmaz, ur igi anmyur ad nẓṛ tinflalin ar d ttkkant d twnnaḍt tagamant n umiy. Ahiḍuṛ nns ittyawsmras zun d yan usdɣs,ɣayad ad d iwin maxx aylliɣ d isuggʷa n tmazirt n utfl ar gisn ittuman ubaɣuɣ s yan uhiḍuṛ umlil, niɣ d ahiḍuṛ awraɣ iɣ illa ɣ tnzruft, d iɣ illa ɣ taganin ar ittyawmnad s uzggʷaɣ.[3]
Imma iwrikn yaḍnin, illa gisn:
- Isngrim Uccn,
- Tibert Amaccu; ẓr Tybalt, Agldun n imucca
- Agldun nubl d Izm
- Brwin abubbaz
- Grimbard amtkar
- Baldwin asnus
- Hirsent Tuccnt
- Kyward Ayrziz (ula Coart, Cuwaert; yan umrwel)[7]
- Chanticleer Igimi
- Bellin Izimmr
- Martin Abaɣus, da dar illa yan warraw mi ism Moneke, irwas is d nttan ad d ikka uẓuṛ n tguri tanglizt n monkey.[8][9]
Taɣarast Tafransist
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ɣ tasut tis 13, tafransist tga yat tutlayt bahra ittyawsmrasn ɣ igr n taskala, d tuggt n twuriwin ɣ uzmz anammas ttyarant s tfransist, yili nit gisnt umiy n Riynard Abaɣuɣ. Tuggt n twuriwin ttyawssanin ɣ izmaz ad kcmnt ɣ wanaw n izlan n tayri.
Pierre de St. Cloud issnti aḍriṣ nns f ubaɣuɣ s ussili nns ɣ yat tmyurt iflin n tmdyazin tiḍaluṣin,d ifabliyu d tmdiwin n tayri n Artur:
A id sidi, sllat i mnnawt taddminin,
Da awn ifsnn imallasn ggutnin.
Manmk a s iṭṭf Paris Helen,
Tammara d gar da issyafa
F Tristan da d tsawl la Chevre
Sawlat fllas s ma ifulkin;
D ifabliyu d tḍaluṣin;
F izlan n tayri n Yvain d umktar nns
D mnnawt yaḍnin da ttyawnnanin ɣ tmazirt ad
Macc ur jju tsllam i imnɣi
da tt inn ikkan icqqa, iɣzzif
Gr Riynard d Isngrim
Ẓṛ sul
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]• Fawst
Tisuɣal
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]- ↑ Bianciotto, G. (2005). Introduction. In Le Roman de Renart. Paris: Librairie Générale Française (Livre de poche) ISBN 978-2-253-08698-7
- ↑ Bouwman, André; Besamusca, Bart (2009). Of Reynaert the Fox: Text and Facing Translation of the Middle Dutch Beast Epic Van Den Vos Reynaerde. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-9089640246.
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 illustrator., Larrieu, Odette, 1906- Lorioux, Félix, 1872-1964 (1928). The story of Reynard the fox. Macmillan. OCLC 8761673.
- ↑ Kaeuper, Richard W; Guyol, Christopher (20 October 2015). Kings, Knights and Bankers : the collected articles of Richard W. Kaeuper. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-30265-5. OCLC 936344680.
- ↑ Avery, Anne Louise (2020). Reynard the Fox. Bodleian Library. ISBN 978-1-85124-555-0. OCLC 1232084892.
- ↑ Owen, D. D. R. (Douglas David Roy) (1994). The romance of Reynard the fox. Oxford University Press. OCLC 1036938053.
- ↑ McGowan, Bob; says, Jr (18 November 2021). "In a Word: Coward, a Tale of the Tail". The Saturday Evening Post.
- ↑ "monkey". Online Etymology Dictionary. Ittyasay d ɣ 14 Yulyu 2018.
- ↑ Weekley, Ernest (18 July 2012). "monkey". An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. Courier Corporation. p. 945. ISBN 9780486122861.