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Walili

Coordinates: 34°04′16″N 05°33′13″W / 34.07111°N 5.55361°W / 34.07111; -5.55361
Zɣ Wikipedia
Walili
Adɣar amaḍlan n UNESCO
Ismawn
Ism amaziɣⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ
Ism aɛrabوليلي
Ism arumiVolubilis
Tamssugurt
Tamazirt Lmɣrib
TasgaFas-Mknas
TamnbaḍtMknas
Tarakalt
Amsidg34°04′16″N 05°33′13″W / 34.07111°N 5.55361°W / 34.07111; -5.55361
Tajumma42 ha
Asggwas n uzmmem1997

Walili (s tfinaɣ: ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ; s tɛṛabt: وليلي; s tlatiniyt d tutlayin yaḍnin n Uṛubba: Volubilis) tga yat tmdint tamaziɣt taqdimt, tettuṣka ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt nɣ d tiss kkuẓt dat n tlalit, tga yadlli tamaẓunt n tgldit n Muriṭanya. Tga ɣilad yan udɣar adrzan illa ɣ uzaɣar n Says iḍfṛn i tgrawt n wakal n Walili ɣ tsga n Mknas[1].

Ɣ tasut tiss 8 issnta gis Idris Ibn Ɛabdullah anbaḍ n Al Adarisa ɣ Lmɣrib, ɣ tasut tiss 11 fln tt imzdaɣ lliɣ immutty unbaḍ n Al Adarisa s tmdint n Fas, tugtt nnsn mmuttin s tmdint n Mulay Dris Ẓṛhun. Ssntan gis irzzutn irkyulujitn zɣ tizwiri n tasut tiss 20, aylli gis ittyafan yujja tt ad tettuzmim ɣ tlgamt n idɣarn imaḍlann n Yunisku asggʷas 1997.[1]

Ism

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Tawlaft n ixrban n Walili

Tugtt n imrza urmn ad ssfrun ism n Walili zɣ tguri talatinit [wulibulis], nɣ zɣ iɣbula aɛṛabn, zund Carl Juzif Tiṣu (fr) (1828–1884) lli innan mas tettubdar Walili ɣ kra n iɣbula n Taɛṛabt s yism Qaṣṛ Farɛun (قصر فرعون Iɣrm n frɛun)[2], ttun nɣ d ur rin ad rzun s unamk ɣ tdlsa d tutlayt n imzdaɣ inṣliyn n udɣar, aylli yujjan aẓuṛ n yism ur ittyawssan s tnɣda, macc irwas is ar itturray s tguri Tamaziɣt Walilt nna igan yan imɣi ar ittmɣay ɣ tamwin n Walili.[3] Mklli iẓḍaṛ yism n Walili ad dars tili tzdayt ula d yism n yat tqbilt tamaziɣt bdrn tt imrza n umzruy iṛumiyn s yism Ulubilitani.[2]

Adɣar

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Tettuṣka tmdint n Walili ɣ uɣlla n udrar n Ẓṛhun tama wasif n Xuman d wasif n Fṛṭaṣa, tlkm tjumma nns 42 hiktar, taggug s 3 kilumitr f tmdint n Mulay Dris Ẓṛhun, 30 kilumitr f tmdint n Mknas, d 63 kilumitr f tmdint n Fas. llan tama nns kra n izaɣarn mu ifulki wakal nnsn, ar smɣayn anawn n waddagn, s lawan akkʷ addagn n uzmmur nna igan llsas n tdmsa ɣ tsga.[3]

Amzruy

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Takṛḍa n Muriṭanya Taṭanjiyt

Ikka tt nn udɣar issutln i Walili ittuzdaɣ zɣ uzmz Atlanti (en) d unyuliti (en), attay n 5.000 n isggʷasn aya. Irzzutn irkyulujitn ttuskarnin ɣ udɣar n Walili sduggan d kra idqqi mi itturray usakud ar azmz anyuliti, irwas kra n igzman ttyafanin ɣ Ibirya.[4] Kkan tt nn gis Iqarṭajiyn ɣ tasut tis 8, aya mlant t kra n tmitar lli ɣinn fln, zun d ixrban n lmaɛbad n wakuc Baɛl, idqqi nnsn d kra n iẓṛan ɣ gzin tirra nnsn s Tutlayt Tafiniqiyt.[5]

Tkcim tmdint n Walili ɣ Tgldit n Muritanya ddu tnbaḍt n Iṛumiyn ḍffiṛ taḍuṛi n Qaṛṭaj ɣ usggʷas 146 dat ntlalit.[5] Tsul tzrirt n Ifiniqiyn ɣ Walili mnnaw isggʷsn f alliɣ yad tlla ddu ifasn n Iṛumiyn, ɣ imdyatn n tzrirt ad, llan inzzurfa lli dar iɣama yism aqaṛṭajiy Suffit.[6] Issnta Yuba II tuṣka n yat tamaẓunt tagldant ɣ Walili daṛat n mad t issnṣb Ugustin f udabu n Tgldit n Muritanya ɣ useggwas 25 dat n tlalit.[7] Iɣra Yuba Wiss Sin ɣ Ṛuma, itahl s Klyubaṭṛa Silini II, illis n Maṛk Anṭuni and Cleopatra, mqqar iga Yuba d yiwis Bṭulimi imaziɣn s laṣl, tiɣri d uswingm nnsn gan iṛumiyn, slawann akkʷ Taẓuṛi d Tmsdagt taṛumiyt taqburt, zun d tmamkt lli s iṣka Yuba tamdint n Wlili.[5]

Tadmsa

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Azrg n uzatim (lmɛṣṣṛt n zzit)

Tettuṣka tmdint n Walili ɣ yan udɣar yẓn i izaɣarn fulkinin d isiffn n Xuman d Fṛṭasa, aylli as ifkan yan waddur yattuyn ɣ yigr n tkrza zɣ izmaz iqburn, zɣ imɣan lli mu ittyafa latṛ nnsn ɣ Walili, llant tmẓin, Ibawn, Tilintit, Aḍil d Tazart, ttyafan gis ula 57 n uzrg n uzatim (tamɛṣṣṛt n zzit)[8]. Ɣ uzmz n tnbaḍt n Iṛumiyn ar tssfuɣ Walili Azatim (zzit) d imudar gʷrdnin ula wid ḍuẓnin, zun d ifasiwn lli smaɣn Iṛumiyn d ismgan ar tn ttḍufn.[8]

Tuṣkiwt tamazdart

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Ɣ uzmz n Iṛumiyn tbuɣla tmsdagt d lbni ɣ Walili s tɣarast taṛumiyt, tusɛu gis tmdint kigan, tugtt n tuṣkiwin ttuṣkant s yan wanaw n uẓṛu ar t id qqazn ɣ udranr n Ẓṛhun, iga uklu nns amiɣid yaẓ nn s ujnjaṛiy. Tettyawssan Walili s tugtt n fusayfisa ɣ ttuṛcamn imudar d imɣan lli gis llanin ɣ uzmz ann, ula wid ganin ɣar ummiyn.[9]

  • Tamsdagt n Walili
  • View up a wide street with a colonnade on the left side
  • View through a triple-arched gate looking downhill to a street lined with ruins
  • View across a ruined bath complex showing the basins and water features

Idrizn n tmdint

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Tisntutin

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Takarḍa n Walili d tuṣkiwin lli gis
  • Basilika: tga zun d tasnbḍayt n ɣilad, tumẓ tajumma iggutn, tettuṣlaḥ gr isggʷsn 1965 d 1967.[9]
  • Kabiṭul: illa ɣ yiffus n Basilika, ittuṣka ɣ uzmz n Maṛkinus, asggʷas 217, ɣ wansa n ufuṛum aqdim, ittyawṣlaḥ ɣ usggʷas 1962.[9]
  • tisntutin tigdudanin
  • Exterior view of a ruined colonnaded building of which one wall still stands
    Basilika zɣ bṛṛa
  • Interior view of a ruined colonnaded building showing the interior columns
    Basilika zɣ ugns
  • View of the dais of a temple, with an altar standing on a square below and a series of reconstructed columns standing at the head of a set of steps leading up to the top of the dais

Iggura

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  • Aggur n Ṭanja
  • Aggur n Iẓẓlmḍ
  • Aggur n iffus

Tigʷmma n tuzdɣt

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Tigʷmma n middn inmɣun n Walili ttuṣkant s tɣarast taṛumiyt, ilint ɣ Dikumanus Maksimus asuk mqqurn ɣ tmdint.[9]

  • Tigmmi n Urfyus
  • Tigmmi n Finus (Takuct)
  • Tigmmi n txddamin n Hiraql
  • Iɣrm n Kardyan
  • id Fusayfisa n Walili
  • Top-down view of an elaborate geometric mosaic with a circular inset showing Bacchus encountering the sleeping Ariadne
    Fusayfisa n Baxus
  • View of a mosaic in situ in a house in Volubilis
    Fusayfisa n kkuẓ imirn
  • Fusayfisa n Kibanu
    Fusayfisa n Kibanu
  • Top-down view of a square mosaic with a geometric border and a square inset showing Diana and her nymph surprised by Actaeon while bathing
  • Fusayfisa n Imudar
    Fusayfisa n Imudar
  • Fusayfisa n bu tfṛfṛa
    Fusayfisa n bu tfṛfṛa
  • Fusayfisa n Hiṛaql
    Fusayfisa n Hiṛaql

Irzzutn irkyulujitn

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Irzzutn ggutnin ɣ Walili ttuskarn ɣ uzmz n usdurry afṛaniṣ gr isggʷasn 1912 d 1955, macc ssntan dat n uzmz ad s tmrawin n isggʷasn. zɣ mad tsdurry Fṛanṣa Dzayr ɣ usggʷ 1930, ssntan imassan irkyulujitn ifṛanṣiṣn irzzutn ɣ idrizn n iṛumiyn llanin ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tagut d tuẓẓumt n Tfriqt s tiḍaf n isrdasn n fṛanṣa.[10]

Irzzutn irkyulujitn iskr tn umrzu afṛanṣiṣ Hinri du la Martini gr isggʷasn 1887 d 1892[11] ɣ usggʷs n 1915 ismagl Ubir Lyuṭi, anbbaḍ amsrdas n Lmɣrib ɣ uzmz n usdurry, amrzu aṛkyuluji afṛanṣiṣ Marsil Ugist Dyulafwa (en) ad iskar irzzutn ɣ udɣar n walili, dffir as iswuri gis Lwis Catilan (en).[11] Alliɣ yumẓ lmɣrib azarug nns, smdn isnubbucn ɣ udɣar n Walili ddu tnbaḍt n lmɣtib.

Azmem ɣ Yunisku

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Tskchim Yunisku adɣar n Walili i tlgamt n idɣarn n taysi tamaḍlant ɣ usggʷas 1997. Ɣ isggʷsn n id 80, iskr usqqim agraɣlan n idrizn d idɣarn (ICOMOS) kṛaḍt tinawin d inmuqqarn f idɣarn lli isẓḍaṛ ad kcimn s tlgamt n taysi tamaḍlqnt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Tfriqt, ismagl ilmma usqsim ad ɣ usggʷas 1997 bac ad tkcim Walili s tlgamt n taysi tamaḍlant acku iga yan udɣar ittufragn, iḥḍu timitar n tbɣurt n Iṛuminyn[11], tqbl t ilma Yunisku tsskcim t s tlgamt nns n taysi tamaḍlant.

Ẓṛ uggar

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Izdayn n bṛṛa

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 Tẓḍart ad tẓṛt uggar f Volubilis ɣ usnfar n Commons.

Isaɣuln

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  1. ↑ 1,0 et 1,1 Archaeological Site of Volubilis, Yunisku
  2. ↑ 2,0 et 2,1 مجلة زمان، وليلي أو قصر فرعون
  3. ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 African World Heritage Fund, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF VOLUBILIS
  4. ↑ Carrasco, J. L. Escacena (2000). "Archaeological relationship between North Africa and Iberia". In Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Martínez-Laso, Jorge; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo (eds.). Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-306-46364-4.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 et 5,2 Rogerson, Barnaby (2010). Marrakesh, Fez and Rabat. London: Cadogan Guides. ISBN 978-1-86011-432-8.
  6. ↑ Parker, Philip (2010). The Empire Stops Here: A Journey along the Frontiers of the Roman World. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-224-07788-0.
  7. ↑ Davies, Ethel (2009). North Africa: The Roman Coast. Chalfont St Peter, Bucks: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-287-3.
  8. ↑ 8,0 et 8,1 Volubilis - Ancient Village or Settlement in Morocco
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 et 9,3 UNESCO, World Heritage List, Volubilis, Morocco, N 836.
  10. ↑ Raven, Susan (1993). Rome in Africa. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08150-4.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 et 11,2 UNESCO Advisory Body Evaluation (PDF). September 1997.
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