Lidrisi
 Lidrisi | |
|---|---|
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| Tudrt | |
| Talalit | Sbta, 1111 |
| Tamttant | Sicile, 1166 |
| Tiɣri | |
| Tutlayin | Taɛrabt |
| Tawuri | |
| Tawuri | cartographe, géographe, égyptologue, amzray, amsnimɣi, amaru d voyageur ou voyageuse |
| Adɣar n twuri | Al-Andalus, Sicile d Andalousie |
| Important works | Tabula Rogeriana |
| Taflst | |
| Asgd | Tinslmt |
Iga ism nns imdan Muḥmmad u Muḥmmad u Ɛbdllah u Idris Lidrisi Lḥasani Ṭṭalbi, iga yan unmara n umzruy d yan ɣ imagrn n twssna n trakal, ilul d ɣ usggʷas 1100 tagrigurit ɣ tɣrmt n Sbta illan dɣ akud ann ɣ wadday n tgldit n Imṛabḍn, imqqur ɣ Qṛḍuba ilmd gis mnck, nttat a ɣ izzri yan ugzzum mqquṛn ɣ tudrt nns acku yuman dɣ ayann ɣar s uglam nns imdan n tɣrmt ad d twssna nns imqquṛn fllas acku iḥsu tt nit, fad ilmma ad imuddu s Ṣiqilya iggʷz ɣ dɣinn dar ugllid nns Rujir wis sin, isrs as yan udlis isml as "نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الٱفاق" niɣ d "Tabula Rogeriana" da ismd ɣ usggʷas 548 n uzwag, ig adlis n Imuslmn lli akkʷ iɣʷẓan ɣ uglam n tmizar u urubba d Ṭṭalyan.
Ur igi Lidrisi yan umassan n trakal hlli, maccan ikka tt inn iga yan ugtmassan issn i gigan d talatin yaḍnin zun d tasasfrt d tsnijjit d twssna n imɣayn ɣmklli daɣ iga yan umskalan issn i tskla, ig yan unḍḍam, irwas is ifl kigan ɣ dɣayad waxxa ur iɣama ɣ ubdar ayslad kṛaḍ idlisn ad tn igan d:
• Ljamɛ Li Actat Nnabat (الجامع لأشتات النبات)
• Ṛawḍ Al Anas Wa Nuzhat Annafs (روض الأنس و نزهة النفس)
• Nuzhat Al Muctaq Fi Ixtiraq Al Afaq (نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الٱفاق)
Takaṛḍa nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Issunɣ Lidrisi yat tkaṛḍa takʷlillayt i umaḍal akkʷ, isdu gis s tkaṛḍa n Biṭlimus mkann tt issuɣd, ibḍa asatl n twjja n wakal ɣ tɣzi nns s mraw n igzzumn dar illa yan usɣal, ibḍu daɣ turrut nns s sat n tuggas iggi n uḍṛf n ikwadur. S dɣ mk ann tbḍa tkaṛḍa nns s sa mraw n igzzumn.
Lliɣ ilkm tayafut ad, yiri ad tt isɣlla s usras n yat tkaṛḍa ismunn ddunit akkʷ, issunɣ tt f yat tflut n ifrawn bac ad tnnuṛẓm (tnjm) i tfrɣi. Imuzr (Yamṛ) agllid Rujir ad as ffin yat twrarrayt n uẓṛf izddign ilan yat tazzit ifdudin, tettstl s kkuẓt tmaḍt n uṛṭal, ɣ kra iga t aṛṭal tlla gis yat tmiḍi d sin d mraw n idrimn, mkann smdn tawuri ad, izun Lidris ad gis ɣnbn (nqcn) tiwlafin n sat tsgiwin n ddunit s tmizar nnsn d tɣrmiwin nnsn d illn nnsn d isaffn nnsn d iɣzran nnsn d idrarn nnsn d iɣrɣar nnsn atg... Ig ɣayad asnm akkʷ imqquṛn da d icckcm Lidrisi f tkaṛḍa n umaḍal, ig tt taẓ d i waddad nns ɣ tlla ɣassad.
Adlis nns
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Wanna iɣran adlis n Lidrisi rad yaf is ibḍa amaḍal s sat n tsgiwin da ttyawzdaɣnin, kra iga tt yat gisnt ibdr sfllas kigan n tɣawsiwin saw ɣ trakalt nns (idrarn, isaffn, iɣzran, tamdiwin, imɣuzn, imɣayn, imudar) ula ɣ imzdaɣn nns d manmk ad gan d tɣrmiwin nnsn d igudar nnsn d wusunn nnsn d tamttiwin nnsn da ur irwas yan yan.
Ukan ntta izzwur awal nns s manmk ad iglm Biṭlimus akal, inna mas issutl d ar ittamẓ talɣa n yat twjja (takurt) zdin dis waman, glugln fllas d ur ar dis ttngirin, yini is d akal d waman zgan ɣ wasa n usayrar dɣ mkda izga ubawj ɣ wagʷns n tglayt, iɣrɣr (lmuḍɛ) n wakal ɣ usayrar illa ɣ tuẓẓumt. Iɣal Lidrisi is d asayrar ad ittmussun ur d akal. Igzm daɣ ntta akal s sin igzzumn yili gratsn uḍṛf n urggag (خط الإستواء) lli ifttun sɣ iming (ccrq) ar ataram (lɣrb) d uḍṛf ad ad igan tiɣzi n wakal.
Sat tmnaḍin n ddunit
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tamnaḍt tamzwarut
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ar tssntay tsga ad sɣ idis n utaram sɣ yill n utaram lli mi ttinin dɣ akud ann "ill n tillas", ig yan yill da ur illi ma issn mad illan ɣ tɣrdin nns, nnan is gis llant snat tgzirin, ad tnt igan d tgzirin tikanariyn (s Taɛrabt: جزر الخالدات), sɣ gisnt ad yusi Biṭlimus isqquln n tɣzi d turrut. yifs (issnɣms) is d ku tgzirt illa gis kra n udamum ittyawbnan s iẓṛan, tiɣzi n kuyan ar tlkkm mad ittggan yat tmiḍi n iɣaln.
Tamnaḍt tis snat
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tga tɣrmt n Ɣana yat ɣ tɣrmiwin nns iglm tt bahra ɣ udlis nns inna is gan imuslmn yili fllas yan ugllid ifkan abndq i Lxlift n Iɛbbasn, yuls is llant ɣ tsga ad mnnawt tamttiwin n isggann azufnin (id war timlsit) d ar bahra ttarun bla imrwasn ula azrf, nttni ad akkʷ iggutn ɣ tarwa darsn ilɣman d taɣaḍtin d ar ttidirn s uɣɣu nnsn, ar cttan islman d lqddid n tfiyyi n ilɣman. D ayt tmizar da llanin ɣ imisi n tmazirt nnsn ar tn ttakʷrn s iɣnan d ar tn inn ttawin ad tn zznzan i isbbabn d ar gisn ttffɣn gigan s tmazirt n Lmɣrib.
Tamnaḍt tis kṛaḍt
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ibḍa tt Lidrisi s mraw igzzumn, agzzum izwurn ar nit issntay ɣ yill amqqur n Waṭlaṣ, ɣ idis n utaram n twjja n wakal, ibdr sɣ tgzirin nns yat isml as "Sawa" illan tama n yill illasn, ar ttinin is d kiɣ gis iggʷiz Bu sin waskiwn lliɣ ur ta as kcmnt tillas, ins gis, kkan tt inn ar ggarn imzdaɣn nns s iẓṛan ɣaylli ingẓn (iḍṛṛan) yan uzddal ɣ imddukkal nns, tili tgzirt n id taryal, illa gis yan lxlq wan timɣarin ṭṭafn kra n ifugal nṣḍnin, alln nnsn gan zun d usman, da sawaln s yan wawal amya ur t ittakz, da ttmmaɣn d imktarn n yill, ur illi unaḥya gr iwtman d twtmin nnsn aysilad s ifttal d icṭṭiṛn hlli, iwtman nnsn gan id war tamart, da lssan ifrawn n waddagn, ɣ tsga ad llant mnnawt tamttiwin tumiyanin (n wumiyn) da iglm Lidrisi, zun d tagzirt ɣ illa yan wawṣaḍ ittdurdun kra ikkan tama nns d yat yaḍni llan gis kra n mddn s iguyya n imktarn (lbhaym) d ṭayyaḍ igan tin sin iqddacn gan akniwn imsx tn Ubabbay acku kkan tt inn gan imnkadn (iqṭṭaɛn) d ar nkkdn aɣaras f iɣrruba d trifin nna d ttkkanin tagzirt ann, ar nqqan id bab nnsn d ar asn ttakʷrn ayda nnsn, tagzirt ad sf Lidrisi tlla ɣ umddur n uftas n Wasfi.
Agzzum ad n tmnaḍin tkcm nit gis tmazirt n tnzruft ida ɣ tlla tɣrmt n Nul Lmṭa d tzggʷaɣt d waɣru, yili gis ɣ tmazirt n Sus tiɣrmt n Trudant d Twiwin d Tamamt, gis ɣ Tmazɣa (tamazirt n Imaziɣn) Sijlmassa d Dra d Day d Tadla d ugadir n lmhdi u Twala d Fas d Mknas d Sla d iftasn akkʷ lli ttaggʷanin ill, gis tiɣrmt n Tlmsan d Tiṭṭawin d Ṣfṛu d Mɣila d Ugrsif d Ujdat d tumlilt d Wahṛan d Tahrt, izri daɣ ad ibdr tiɣrmiwin n Lmɣrib anammas dɣ ntta zun d Tuns d Dzayr n ayt Imzɣann d Bgayt d Gigl d Tmlyant d Lqlɛt d Tamsult d Tqstntint d Tgmmi n Mrin d tgmmi n mllul, s tugga n Lidrisi Imaziɣn ad akkʷ gisn iggutn, yiwi daɣ f iẓuṛan n Imaziɣn inna is d yadlli tigmmi nnsn tga tt Filiṣṭin, igld asn Jallut u Ḍṛiṣ u Jana u Bṛ u Qays u Ilyas u Maḍaṛ d lliɣ inɣa Dawd Jallut ad lli igan Amaziɣ, zugn Imaziɣn s tmizar ad n Lɣrb aylliɣ akkʷ tkarn akal n Lmɣrib yaggugn d ɣinn aɣ bḍant tqbilin nnsn.
Aglam n Nul Lmṭa: tiɣrmt ad n Nul tga yat tɣrmt imqqurn, izgr tt yan wasif ar srs ittkka sɣ iming (ccrq) zdɣn gis tiqbilin n Ilmḍn d Ilmtunn, inna Lidrisi is gis a ɣ ar skarn iɣrawn ilmḍiyn da dar ur illi kra yufn asnflul nnsn ula iqquṛ fllasn, d nttni a s ar ttmmaɣn ayt tmizar n lɣrb acku fssusn i wanna tn ittasin. Ɣ tɣrmt ad llan kra n itrrasn da sggmnin ilguma d trika i ilɣman, ar gis zznzan ula kra n ijwayn ar asn ttinin tasfsarit d ixnifn, ar ṭṭaṛn s 50 Dinar dɣ ikann i yat tyuga. Llan dar imzdaɣn nns tuggt n imugayn d ulli, yujad darsn wuɣɣu d wudi, ar srs d ttackan mddn sɣ tsgiwin ann akkʷ ar gis ttqḍun tiɣawsiwin nnsn.
Aglam n Sijilmassa: Tga yat tɣrmt imqqurn illa gis utrras bahra, tg awttas i wanna d ikcmn d wanna d yafuḍn, ggutn gis icakan d urtan, waxxa ur fllas illi kra n ugadir, llan gis ɣar ibrgmma d tgmma d tuṣkiwin zdin gratsn f yan wasif ngin gis bahra n waman, ar inggi slawan ɣ unbdu dɣ mkda inggi wasif n Nil.
Aglam n tmazirt n Sus:
Aglam n udrar n Drn:
Aglam n Mṛṛakc:
Sa n yilln
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Zrin ɣ sat tsgiwin ad sa n yilln ar asn ttinin "iɣzran", ṣḍiṣ sɣ gisn mmzdin gratsn d yan gisn iẓli ig lax s nttan, d ur izdi d kra n yan ɣ yilln yaḍnin, amzwaru n yilln iga tt win Ccinwa d Lhnd d Ssnd d Lyaman, assnti nns illa ɣ tsga n iming (ccrq) nnig i uḍṛf n ikwadur s kṛaḍ d mrawt n tskfal, imma ill wis sin iga tt ill Accami lli mi illa uffuɣ nns ɣ tsga n Lmɣrib d ussnti nns ɣ tsga tis kṛaḍt, ill n Grgan d Idaylamn iga yan yill iẓlin, d ur illi mad d izdi ɣ yilln yad ttyawbdarnin, uckan d gis kra isaffn d iɣbula da bdda nginin s waman, tzdi d yill ad ɣ tsga n iming tmazirt n uɣuzn, tasga nns n iẓẓlmḍ tzdi d tmazirt n Ixzriyn, tasga nns n utaram tzdi d tmazirt n Uzrbayjan d tmazirt n idaylamn tsɣummr dis ɣ tsga n yiffus.