Tutlayt Taɣdimst

Amnni ad iga amud izdin d Tutlayin, isul imẓẓiy. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.

Taɣdimst
Aẓuṛan ɣ	Libya
Tamnaḍt	Ɣadamis
Imsiwln imlalutn	13,100 (2006)
Tawja n tutlayin	Tafrusyawit Tamaziɣt Tamaziɣt tagmuḍant Taɣdimst
Tantlayin	Ayt Wazitn, Ayt Ulid
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gha
Glottolog	ghad1239
ELP	Ghadamès

Tutlayt taɣdimst (Tamaziɣt: Ɛdims, [ʕdimes] nɣ Ɣdams, [ɣdames]; Taɛṛabt: غدامس, [ɣadaːmes]) tga yat tutlayt tamaziɣt ittusawaln ɣ tɣla n udwwar n Ɣadamis ɣ tsuḍnt n Nalut ɣ Libya.

Asnubbc

Timttawin f tutlayt taɣdimst smunn tnt sin imsnilsn. Timttawin timzwura ifsr tnt Adolphe de Calassanti Motylinski g 1903 d 1904. Gant twuriwin n Jacques Lanfry, lli izdɣn g ɣadamis zɣ 1944 ar 1945, ifsr snat twuriwin nns nna istuhmman ɣ 1968 d 1973, asagʷm yufn amzwaru. Ur jjun sul ittuskar kra n usnubbc amaynu f udɣar ad sɣ wakud ann. Ɣ tgariwin ad, ifsr Kossmann (2013) yat tjṛṛumt tatrat ibiddn f tmttawin n Lanfry.

Uṭṭun n imsiwln

Iḍkḍ Lanfry is llan 4,000 n imssiwnl iɣ kullu ggutn. Uṭṭun ɣ tilawt ur ittussan s usnɣd. Ar isawal Ethnologue f yan wuṭṭan dar 10,000 ɣ 2006 d 2,000 yaḍn iddrn bṛṛa n udɣar. Maccan uṭṭun n 10,000 iga tamuttrt n imzdaɣn Ɣadamis lli kullu ur igin imsiwln s tutlayt taɣdimst. Nnig n aya, Uṭṭun ad n 2,000 n umzwag amsiwl ibdd f yan usagʷm bahra iqqburn. Ethnologue ar tt issiḍin am tutlayt illan g imizi n unɣubu "6b" (Threatened).

Tutlayt

Tga Tɣdimst tutlayt tamaziɣt i waḍu nns, tari mnnawt tmẓlay tisnmslitin d tsnalɣanin timyiwnin. Amawal n tɣdimst, mk lli t izmmim Lafry, ar immal iḍiṣ idrusn zzɣ tɛṛabt. Ur ta illi kra n umsasa f ussinw n tɣdimst gr trabbut n tutlayin timaziɣin. Aikhenvald d Militarev (1984) ar tt ssiḍinn f tmaziɣt n ugmuḍ. Kossmann (1999) ar tt ismun d Twilant. Ethnologue iga tt d Tajanat n ugmuḍ g ussinw nns.

Tasnmslit

Tirgalin

Zun d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍn d tɛṛabt, Taɣdimst dars tirgalin tuffayin (pharyngealized) d tɣmsanin (plain dental consonants). Tg tussda tanmẓlayt (contrastive). Tirgalin ittyubdarn gr tskiwin ar ttjṛunt ɣar kra n tikkal (sporadically).

ifunimn n trgalin n Tɣdimst (IPA) ! !Labial

  !Labio-

dental !Dental

  !Dental

phar. !Palatal

  !Velar

  !Uvular

  !Pharyngeal

  !Glottal

  |- align="center" !Nasal |m | |n̪ | | | | | | |- align="center" !Stop

  |(p)

b | |t̪

d̪ |t̪ˤ

dˤ | 

ɟ |k

ɡ |q

  | | |- align="center" !Fricative

  | 

β |f

  |s̪

z̪ |s̪ˤ

z̪ˤ |ʃ

ʒ |x

ɣ | |ħ

ʕ |h

  |- align="center" !Affricate | | | | |(tʃ) | | | | |- align="center" !Approximant |w | |l̪ |l̪ˤ |j | | | | |- align="center" !Trill | | |r̪ |r̪ˤ | | | | | |}

Iɣritn

Amata n tutlayin timaziɣin ṭṭafnt ɣar kraḍ iɣritn imslicann.

tṭṭaf Taɣdimst smmus iɣritn zun d tamacɣt.

ifunimn n iɣritn n Tɣdimst (IPA) ! !Front !Central !Back |- align="center" !Close |i | |u |- align="center" !Close-mid |e | |o |- align="center" !Mid | |ə | |- align="center" !Near-open | |ɐ | |- align="center" !Open | |a | |}

Amawal asilan

Tlla ɣ izdar talgamt n Lipzig-Jakarta n tɣdimst, tettyuskar f aylli illan g Lanfry (1973).

| |Taɣdimst |Taclḥiyt |Tinglizt |- |1 || ōfa |lɛfiyt|| fire |- |2 || tənzart |tinxar, tinzar (rare)|| nose |- |3 || as with verbal deictic n "thither" (cf. 11 to come) |ddu|| to go |- |4 || aman (plurale tantum) |aman|| water |- |5 || ame |imi|| mouth |- |6 || ēləs |ils|| tongue |- |7 || dămmăn (plurale tantum) |idammn|| blood |- |8 || ɣăṣṣ |ixss, iɣss|| bone |- |9 || căgg(ən) (m.), cămm(ən) (f.) |kyy(in) (m.), kmm(in) (f.)|| 2sg pronoun |- |10 || aẓur "root of plant" |aẓuṛ|| root |- |11 || as with verbal deictic d "hither" (cf. 3 to go) |ack|| to come |- |12 || bab, admār |admr|| breast |- |13 || anaẓar |anẓar|| rain |- |14 || năcc(ən) |nkk(in)|| 1sg pronoun |- |15 || ism |ism|| name |- |16 || talləkt |tilkit|| louse |- |17 || afraw |ifr|| wing |- |18 || aksəm |tifyyi, aksum (Child language)|| flesh/meat |- |19 || ōfəss "hand", āɣil "arm" |afus / iɣil|| hand/arm |- |20 || izi |izi|| fly |- |21 || ēβăḍ |iḍ|| night |- |22 || ēsəm |amzzuɣ|| ear |- |23 || takorəmt (cf. 47 back) |amggrḍ|| neck |- |24 || (not attested) |tuggugt|| far |- |25 || əqḍu "to do, achieve" < Arabic, ăj "to put, to make" |g, skr|| to do/make |- |26 || daž, taddart |tigmmi|| house |- |27 || ērəj |aẓṛu|| stone/rock |- |28 || iẓēk "to be bitter" |iṛẓig|| bitter |- |29 || ăn |ini|| to say |- |30 || asēn "incisor", taɣməst "molar", tawjlet "canine" |taxʷst "incisor", agʷl "molar", aznzɣ "canine"|| tooth |- |31 || azaw |azzar, acakka|| hair |- |32 || (not attested) |mqqur|| big |- |33 || yōn (m.), yōt (f.) |yan (m.), yat (f.)|| one |- |34 || anno |man wa?|| who? |- |35 || (n)itto (m.), (n)ittāt (f.) |ntta(n) (m.), nttat (f.)|| 3sg pronoun |- |36 || ŏwət |ut|| to beat/hit |- |37 || aḍar |aḍaṛ|| leg/foot |- |38 || ackaw |askiw|| horn |- |39 || -o |-ad|| this |- |40 || (not attested) |aslm|| fish |- |41 || ənḍəβăd |iḍgam, ndi-wass|| yesterday |- |42 || ăsw |su|| to drink |- |43 || săṭṭăf "to be black" (perfective stem; aorist stem not attested) |isgin, isṭif, mmuccu, ḍlu|| black |- |44 || tamet |abuḍ|| navel |- |45 || ăβdəd "to be standing", ăkkər "to stand up" |bdd, nkr|| to stand |- |46 || ămbər |bbi|| to bite |- |47 || akorm, təkurmēn (cf. 23 neck) |tiɣʷraḍ, akrum, tikʷrmin, tadawt|| back |- |48 || aḍo "wind, odour" |aḍu|| wind |- |49 || ōβo |aggu|| smoke |- |50 || ke, me |mi(t)|| what? |- |51 || ara, tarwa |arraw, tarwa|| child (kin term) |- |52 || tasadəlt |taglayt|| egg |- |53 || ăkf |fk, kf|| to give |- |54 || (not attested) |ljdid (<ar.)|| new |- |55 || ărɣ |kmḍ, jdr|| to burn (intr.) |- |56 || wăl, ak |ur|| not |- |57 || samēḥ < Arabic |ɛdl (<ar.), ẓil|| good |- |58 || ăssən |isan, isin, ssn|| to know |- |59 || ōfəd |afud|| knee |- |60 || tamallilt |amlal, igidu|| sand |- |61 || ăḍs |ḍṣṣa|| to laugh |- |62 || ăsl |slla|| to hear |- |63 || tammurt "earth, soil" |akal|| soil |- |64 || təfra "leaf of tree" |afraw|| leaf |- |65 || azŭggaɣ "red one" (prob. /azəggʷaɣ/) |azggʷaɣ|| red |- |66 || tōsa |tasa|| liver |- |67 || əkənn |rgs, ḥḍu|| to hide |- |68 || ēlăm "animal skin" |ilm|| skin/hide |- |69 || ăzməm |ssumm|| to suck |- |70 || ăbb "to carry, bring", ăckəl "to carry, lift" |asi|| to carry |- |71 || takəṭfet |tuḍfit, tawṭṭuft|| ant |- |72 || ăẓẓāk "to be heavy" (perfective stem; aorist stem not attested) |iẓḍuy, iẓiy|| heavy |- |73 || āβăʕ "to take", ōməẓ "to seize, hold" |awi, amẓ|| to take |- |74 || imqōr, iwsər "to be old, elderly (human)" |imɣur, iwsir|| old |- |75 || ăcc |cc|| to eat |- |76 || taɣma |taɣʷma|| thigh |- |77 || izwər "to be thick" |zur, ḍnu|| thick |- |78 || əzzəjrət "to be long" |iɣzif|| long |- |79 || sβəḍ |suḍ|| to blow |- |80 || asɣēr "(piece of) wood" |akccuḍ, asɣar|| wood |- |81 || ăzzəl |azzl|| to run |- |82 || ōḍu |ḍṛ|| to fall |- |83 || awăll |tiṭṭ, iwalln (pl.)|| eye |- |84 || ēcəd |iɣd|| ash |- |85 || tabaḥṣuṣṣ < Arabic? |timɣilt, abanna|| tail |- |86 || ēde |aydi|| dog |- |87 || ăẓẓəf |alla|| to cry/weep |- |88 || ăqqēn |krs, qqn|| to tie |- |89 || ălləm |ẓṛ, anni|| to see |- |90 || (not attested) |aḍfut, imim|| sweet |- |91 || tazara |izikr, asɣun|| rope |- |92 || tēle |asklu, amalu|| shade/shadow |- |93 || ajaḍiḍ |agḍiḍ|| bird |- |94 || tēsənt |tisnt|| salt |- |95 || imtēt "to be small" |imẓiy|| small |- |96 || (not attested) |usɛu (<ar.)|| wide |- |97 || iri |itri|| star |- |98 || dəj, -i |ɣ|| in |- |99 || (not attested) |ɣar|| hard |- |100 || ăẓəd "to grind", ăddəβ "to crush (in a mortar)" |ẓḍ, nɣd|| to grind/crush |}

Tabiblyugraft

• Calassanti Motylinski, A. de (1903). "Note sur la mission dans le Souf pour y étudier le dialecte berbère de R'adamès". Journal Asiatique. 1903, II: 157–162.
• Calassanti Motylinski, A. de (1904). Le dialecte berbere de R’edamès. Paris: Leroux.
• Kossmann, M. (2013). A Grammatical Sketch of Ghadames Berber (Libya). Köln: Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-940-4.
• Lanfry, J. (1968). Ghadamès: Etude linguistique et ethnographique. I, Textes, notes philologiques et ethnographiques. Fort-National: Fichier de documentation berbère. (Archived link)
• Lanfry, J. (1973). Ghadamès: Etude linguistique et ethnographique. II, Glossaire (parler des Ayt Waziten). [Fort-National]: Le fichier périodique.